Quartz is the compound silicon dioxide (SiO2) and contains atoms of silicon and oxygen. It is usually clear.
Sulfur is a simple element composed of sulfur atoms. It is opaque and yellow.
You can tell the difference in density between quartz and galena by measuring their mass and volume. Calculate the density by dividing the mass by the volume. Galena has a higher density than quartz, so the sample with higher density is likely to be galena.
The electronegativity difference between sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) is 0.5. Oxygen is more electronegative than sulfur, meaning it has a greater ability to attract electron density towards itself in a covalent bond.
Brimstone is an older name for sulfur, but it's the same! :)
Oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas, whereas sulfur is a yellow solid at room temperature. Oxygen is lighter than air, while sulfur is denser. Additionally, sulfur has a distinctive odor, whereas oxygen is odorless.
It is covalent due to the small electronegativity difference between hydrogen and sulfur.
Quartz is silicon dioxide (sand). Diamond is an allotropic form of carbon.
Quartz movement is more traditional. Kintetic quartz relies on different principles and is a bit more accurate.
The difference between quartzite and quartz is that quartzite is a metamorphic rock formed from sandstone under heat and pressure, while quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen. In quartzite, the grains of sandstone have been recrystallized into a interlocking mosaic of quartz crystals, giving it a more durable and non-porous nature compared to quartz.
Fused silica is an engineering-quality, amorphous version of quartz. Source: http://www.makeitfrom.com/material-data/?for=Fused-Silica-Fused-Quartz
compacted
compacted
Cleavage and Fracture
You can tell the difference in density between quartz and galena by measuring their mass and volume. Calculate the density by dividing the mass by the volume. Galena has a higher density than quartz, so the sample with higher density is likely to be galena.
Both quartz and rock crystal are made up primarily of silicon dioxide. The main difference between them is that rock crystal does not have any significant amount of trace elements that would color it. Quartz does contain coloring trace elements.
Quartz and glassy silica are both composed of the same elements in the same proportion. The difference is that in quartz is crystalline whereas glass is amorphous. This means that in quartz, the atoms are all ligned up in a regular repeating lattice. In glass, the atoms are arranged in a random way. This is analagous to the difference between a set of childrens blocks that have been stacked up nicely in regular rows, and blocks that are just dumped in a heap, and are arranged randomly.
Hardness and Streak
Quartz is much harder than calcite.