ms = +1/2
ms = +1/2
ms= +1/2
ms = -1/2
Ms = + 1/2
The shape of the electron cloud is determined by the secondary quantum number. The first is n, or the energy level, the second is the sublevel, the third is the specific cloud, and the fourth is the spin.
ms = +1/2
ms = +1/2
Ms = + 1/2
Ms = + 1/2
ms= +1/2
ms = -1/2
ms= +1/2
Maximum of 32 electrons.
The shape of the electron cloud is determined by the secondary quantum number. The first is n, or the energy level, the second is the sublevel, the third is the specific cloud, and the fourth is the spin.
It's the azimuthal quantum number. It specifies the angular momentum of the orbital, which can broadly speaking be thought of as its "shape." (The reason I'm putting that in quotation marks is that it's possible for two orbitals with the same azimuthal quantum number to appear rather different in overall shape.)
The ionized form of aluminum, Al+3 naturally has a greater electronegativity than neutral aluminum. Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction that a given chemical has for electrons, and negatively charged electrons are naturally attracted to positively charged objects, as indicated by Coulomb's Law. Therefore, it is much harder to remove a fourth electron from an aluminum ion that has already lost three electrons, than it was to remove the first electron.
The arrows indicate the spin of the electron, which is either +1/2 or -1/2. This it also indicates the magnetic quantum number, or the fourth quantum number.