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Exactly that - they are just spectators. They take part, in that they react, but do not actually take part in the precipitation.

As an example take NaCl reacting with AgNO3 .

The reaction is AgNO3 + NaCl ------> AgCl (white precipitate) + NaNO3 .

The spectator ions are Na+ and NO3- . The reason is, the positive ion did not need to be Na+ but could have been K+ or Rb+ etc. Similarly the negative ion did not need to be NO3- but could have been ClO4- or other etc. So the net reaction is Ag+ + Cl- ------> AgCl (precipitate). The other ions are spectators.

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