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There are different variations of phosphate buffer, but if we take the one in which NaH2PO4 is in equilibrium with Na2HPO4, then we can write the following:
H2PO4^- <===> H+ + HPO4^2-
When and acid (H+) is added, it will react with HPO4^2- to produce H2PO4^-. Since H2PO4 is a weak acid, it will not dissociate appreciable, thus effectively removing the added H+ from solution and maintaining the pH.

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Q: What is the sequence of events that would occur when acid is added to phosphate buffer.?
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