Boron group, transition metals, alkaline earth metals and alkali metals are listed in the Periodic Table are having less than four valence electrons
Any element except the elements in group 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 18 have lesser than 8 valence electrons.
The alkali earth elements have TWO valence electrons.
Nitrogen
If an element has less than four valence electrons, it will tend to lose its valence electrons and form cations. If an element has more than four valence electrons, it will tend to gain electrons and form anions. An element that has four valence electrons will tend to form covalent bonds rather than ionic bonds.
Mercury easily shares its valence electrons
Any element except the elements in group 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 18 have lesser than 8 valence electrons.
The alkali earth elements have TWO valence electrons.
Nitrogen
the element with seven valence electrons will be more reactive. The reason for this is that elements want to always want to have a full valence shell (they always want 8, like a noble gas). The element with eight valence electron is happy with its full shell and will not want to get rid of any electrons.
If an element has less than four valence electrons, it will tend to lose its valence electrons and form cations. If an element has more than four valence electrons, it will tend to gain electrons and form anions. An element that has four valence electrons will tend to form covalent bonds rather than ionic bonds.
Less valence electrons (1 to 3) in the outermost shell of an atom usually means a good conductor. (silver, cooper, gold). 5 t0 8 valence electrons are found in glass, rubber, ceramic, plastic, non-conductors.
Mercury easily shares its valence electrons
Elements become less reactive as you move from left to right across the periodic table. This is due to how many valence electrons (outer-most electrons) the element has; the less valence electrons, the more reactive the element.
Nitrogen
Only for hydrogen and helium are these two numbers the same. All other elements have at least two non-valence electrons, and the total number of electrons must be equal to the number of protons. Therefore, in all elements except hydrogen and helium, the number of valence electrons is less than the number of protons.
Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell/orbitals. Sheilding electrons are inner electrons that block valence electrons from protons causing less attraction.
The element with an atomic number lower than aluminum is silicon, which has an atomic number of 14. Group 16 elements, like oxygen and sulfur, have 6 valence electrons, whereas silicon has 4 valence electrons.