The M orbital, there's only 1 electron in it.
Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
An orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons to fill it. This rule is known as the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.
Atoms want their valence orbitals to be completely filled with electrons. In the case of a sodium atom, there is only 1 electron in its outer orbital. Since sodium has electrons occupying all the molecular orbitals of the previous n shell, it is much easier to just give up the electron and form a complete orbital rather than obtain 7 more electrons to complete the orbital. In addition this would require the ion be a charge of negative 7 which is highly unstable in its own right. In the case of lithium hydrogen and helium, 2 electrons may fill the 1s orbital which is considered to be a full valence shell, lithium will lose an electron to gain the full 1s which hydrogen will gain an electron to fill its 1s orbital and helium will remain inert with the already required 2 electrons filling its 1s orbital.
Electrons pair in the 2p orbital first because each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and pairing allows for greater stability due to electron-electron repulsion being minimized. Additionally, electron pairing in the 2p orbital follows Hund's rule, which states that electrons fill degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up.
The electron configuration for boron is 1s2 2s2 2p1, where the first two electrons fill the 1s orbital, the next two fill the 2s orbital, and the last electron occupies the 2p orbital. Boron has 5 total electrons.
They ca fill their outmost energy level by gaining or losing electrons.
It needs to lose one electron so that it can have 8 electrons in its outer orbital
Four.
Chlorine is MUCH more likely to fill its outermost orbital by gaining electrons.
Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
Sodium has ONE valence electron in its outer shell that is to be donated to any kind of oxidant. By then the outer (3rd) shell (of the Na+ ion) is EMPTY, so the 2nd shell has become the outmost, containing 8 electrons (Ne-configuration). No electrons at all are taken up by sodium.
The electrons fill in the lowest energy orbital that is available. Electrons in the 4s orbital have a lower energy level than electrons in the 3p orbital, so the 4s orbitals are filled with electrons first.
The last orbital to fill in a bromine atom is the 4p orbital. Bromine has a total of 35 electrons, with the electron configuration of [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5. The 4p orbital can hold a maximum of 6 electrons.
An orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons to fill it. This rule is known as the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.
The valence electrons fill in 4d orbital The electron configuration of yttrium is [Kr]4d15s2.
Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing orbital energy. The exact order of these energy levels is shown at the related link below.
Atoms want their valence orbitals to be completely filled with electrons. In the case of a sodium atom, there is only 1 electron in its outer orbital. Since sodium has electrons occupying all the molecular orbitals of the previous n shell, it is much easier to just give up the electron and form a complete orbital rather than obtain 7 more electrons to complete the orbital. In addition this would require the ion be a charge of negative 7 which is highly unstable in its own right. In the case of lithium hydrogen and helium, 2 electrons may fill the 1s orbital which is considered to be a full valence shell, lithium will lose an electron to gain the full 1s which hydrogen will gain an electron to fill its 1s orbital and helium will remain inert with the already required 2 electrons filling its 1s orbital.