Fermentation
fermentation
In humans, under ANAEROBIC conditions (no O2), pyruvate is 'converted' to lactate, though I wouldn't say it is "broken down".In humans, under AEROBIC conditions (O2 present), pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, via the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.In yeast, pyruvate is converted into ethanol (Party Fluid) via pyruvate decarboxylase and then alcohol dehydrogenase.
In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted into lactate through a process called fermentation. This allows for the regeneration of NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen.
glycolysis. It is a 3-carbon compound that can be further metabolized in the presence of oxygen to enter the citric acid cycle or converted to lactate or ethanol in the absence of oxygen through fermentation.
Carbohydrates are broken down through a process called glycolysis, which involves a series of enzymatic reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate. Pyruvate can then enter the citric acid cycle to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate can be converted to lactate or ethanol through fermentation pathways.
The lactate is taken to the liver and converted back to pyruvate.
lactate
During fermentation, NADH transfers its electrons to pyruvate, converting it into lactate or ethanol. This process regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
If oxygen is present it is converted to Acetyl-CoA and enters citric acid cycle If oxygen is not present is will become lactic acid and /or ethanol
actually there are four fates of pyruvate.. usually under aerobic conditions it is converted to acetyl co a. and under anerobic conditions it is converted to lactate. it may also b converted to alanine and oxaloactate by enzymes alt and pyruvate carboxlyse respectively
fermentation
The end product of glycolysis in the aerobic mode of respiration is 2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 molecules of ATP
In animals under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate through the process of lactate fermentation. This process helps regenerate NAD+ to continue glycolysis in the absence of oxygen.
The key differences in the metabolic pathways of glucose and pyruvate are that glucose is broken down through glycolysis to produce pyruvate, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to produce energy in the form of ATP. Pyruvate, on the other hand, can be converted into acetyl-CoA before entering the citric acid cycle. Additionally, pyruvate can also be converted into lactate or ethanol through fermentation pathways.
This reaction generates NAD+ from NADH. You need NAD+ for glycolysis, so this conversion (pyruvate to lactate) regenerates one of the reactants needed for glycolysis to continue. You're usually taught that NADH is a source of energy, so getting rid of it when you are energy starved seems counterintuitive. However, when no oxygen is available, you can't use NADH as a source of energy because the electron transport chain is out of commission without oxygen.
In humans, under ANAEROBIC conditions (no O2), pyruvate is 'converted' to lactate, though I wouldn't say it is "broken down".In humans, under AEROBIC conditions (O2 present), pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, via the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.In yeast, pyruvate is converted into ethanol (Party Fluid) via pyruvate decarboxylase and then alcohol dehydrogenase.
1. Glucose is metabolised to form pyruvate (glycolysis) Anaerobic (without oxygen): - Pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol Aerobic (in the presence of oxygen): - Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA - Citric Acid Cycle - Electron transport chain