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Fermentation

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12y ago

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Muscle cells when an individual is excerising heavily and when the muscle becomes oxygen deprived convert pyruvate to lactate What happens to the lactate in the skeletal muscle cells?

The lactate is taken to the liver and converted back to pyruvate.


What is pyruvate converted into when oxygen is not present?

lactate


What does fermentation removes from NADH?

During fermentation, NADH transfers its electrons to pyruvate, converting it into lactate or ethanol. This process regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.


What happens to pyruvic acid after there is no oxygen?

If oxygen is present it is converted to Acetyl-CoA and enters citric acid cycle If oxygen is not present is will become lactic acid and /or ethanol


What are the three possible fates of pyruvate and what conditions are necessary for each pathway?

actually there are four fates of pyruvate.. usually under aerobic conditions it is converted to acetyl co a. and under anerobic conditions it is converted to lactate. it may also b converted to alanine and oxaloactate by enzymes alt and pyruvate carboxlyse respectively


A pyruvate molecule is broken down into chemicals such as ethanol or lactate in a process called?

fermentation


The end product of glycolysis in anaerobic respiration?

The end product of glycolysis in the aerobic mode of respiration is 2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 molecules of ATP


Anaerobic conditions in animals pyruvate is converted to what?

In animals under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactate through the process of lactate fermentation. This process helps regenerate NAD+ to continue glycolysis in the absence of oxygen.


What are the key differences in the metabolic pathways of glucose and pyruvate?

The key differences in the metabolic pathways of glucose and pyruvate are that glucose is broken down through glycolysis to produce pyruvate, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to produce energy in the form of ATP. Pyruvate, on the other hand, can be converted into acetyl-CoA before entering the citric acid cycle. Additionally, pyruvate can also be converted into lactate or ethanol through fermentation pathways.


Why pyruvate is converted to lactate when oxygen is not available?

This reaction generates NAD+ from NADH. You need NAD+ for glycolysis, so this conversion (pyruvate to lactate) regenerates one of the reactants needed for glycolysis to continue. You're usually taught that NADH is a source of energy, so getting rid of it when you are energy starved seems counterintuitive. However, when no oxygen is available, you can't use NADH as a source of energy because the electron transport chain is out of commission without oxygen.


What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic and aerobic conditions?

In humans, under ANAEROBIC conditions (no O2), pyruvate is 'converted' to lactate, though I wouldn't say it is "broken down".In humans, under AEROBIC conditions (O2 present), pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, via the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.In yeast, pyruvate is converted into ethanol (Party Fluid) via pyruvate decarboxylase and then alcohol dehydrogenase.


What is is the order of the steps for cellular respiration?

1. Glucose is metabolised to form pyruvate (glycolysis) Anaerobic (without oxygen): - Pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol Aerobic (in the presence of oxygen): - Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA - Citric Acid Cycle - Electron transport chain