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The backbone of DNA is held together by covalent bonds. DNA is made up of nucleotides, a sugar (2-deoxyribose) attached to a base and a phosphate group. The backbone consists of alternating phosphate and sugar residues joined together by phosphodiester bonds. Hydrogen bonds are involved in stabilising the helix along with what are called base stacking where the aromatic rings in the bases align to minimise the "free energy" these are essentially short range intermolecular forces and are not usually considered to be "bonds".

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