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Say you have a neutral iodine atom: I. It has 53 electrons, as well as 53 protons. To become an ion, it has to gain or lose electrons (in this case, I will gain an electron). I does this rather readily, as it only needs one more electron in order to completely fill the 5p shell. When it acquires this 54 electron, it becomes the iodide ion (I-).

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