They are called valence electrons (e-). When a valence electron is transferred to another atom in order to create an ion, it forms a bond known as an ionic bond, when the electron is shared, it is known as a covalent bong.
An ionic bond will occur between, say, a metal and nonmetal, or two compounds with a great difference in electronegativity. The important thing to understand about ionic, and even covalent, bonding is that an atom is attempting to reach a full octet (excluding period 1 and 2 up to and including B, who often attempt to attain 2). This "octet rule" is the primary basis for bonding, and the transfer and sharing of electrons is helpful in this respect.
Regardless, I hope this answers your question.
The covalent bond is formed by sharing electrons.
The bonding electrons are located in the outermost energy levels of the atoms, shared between the two atoms to form a chemical bond.
Atoms have electrons, protons, and (usually) neutrons. Electrons may be shared by or transfered to other atoms. Sharing or transfering protons or neutrons would require a nuclear reaction such as fission, fusion, or radioactive decay. It is also possible for atoms to share or transfer energy by collision - but I suspect that is not what you meant by your question.
shared between the atoms or transferred from one atom to another to form chemical bonds.
When atoms share electrons to fill their outermost energy levels, they form covalent bonds. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms to achieve stable electron configurations.
Whether electrons are shared or transferred between two atoms is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms. If the electronegativity difference is small, electrons are shared covalently, while if the difference is large, electrons are transferred to form an ionic bond.
When elements combine to form compounds, electrons are shared, transferred, or localized between the atoms. This interaction helps to stabilize the atoms by completing their outer electron shells according to the octet rule. In covalent bonds, electrons are shared between atoms, while in ionic bonds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Covalent bond
The covalent bond is formed by sharing electrons.
The bonding electrons are located in the outermost energy levels of the atoms, shared between the two atoms to form a chemical bond.
true ^_^ i have the same assignment for my class
Protans & nutrons
Atoms have electrons, protons, and (usually) neutrons. Electrons may be shared by or transfered to other atoms. Sharing or transfering protons or neutrons would require a nuclear reaction such as fission, fusion, or radioactive decay. It is also possible for atoms to share or transfer energy by collision - but I suspect that is not what you meant by your question.
shared between the atoms or transferred from one atom to another to form chemical bonds.
They are either transferred or shared. In ionic bonds, electrons are transferred, and shared in covalent bonds.
When atoms share electrons to fill their outermost energy levels, they form covalent bonds. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms to achieve stable electron configurations.
A covalent bond is a type of bond where electrons are shared between atoms rather than transferred. In this bond, atoms achieve stability by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.