4s. Both K and Ca are s block and they are both in the 4th period. So in K, you have 4s1 and in Ca you have 4s2
5s
4F
metals
An electron moves from the 4s sublevel to produce a completely filled 3d sublevel. A completely filled sublevel is more stable. Just because it has a filled d sublevel doesn't prevent it from being a transition metal. It has variable valence (1+ and 2+).
D orbitals begin being filled with electrons after the orbital found in the 4s sublevel is filled.
5s
4F
metals
An electron moves from the 4s sublevel to produce a completely filled 3d sublevel. A completely filled sublevel is more stable. Just because it has a filled d sublevel doesn't prevent it from being a transition metal. It has variable valence (1+ and 2+).
D orbitals begin being filled with electrons after the orbital found in the 4s sublevel is filled.
In the fifth period of the periodic table, the atoms of the elements in the first two groups are adding 1 and 2 electrons, respectively, to their highest energy 5s sublevel. Starting in group 3/IIIB and going through group 12/IIB, the atoms of those elements are adding electrons to their highest energy 4d sublevel. Since the d sublevel can contain a maxium of 10 electrons, there are 10 elements whose atoms are filling the 4d sublevel. Once the 4d sublevel is filled, the next higher energy sublevel is the 5p sublevel. Starting with the group 13/IIIA elements, the 5p sublevel is being filled. Since a p sublevel can contain a maximum of 6 electrons, there are six elements whose atoms are filling the 5p sublevel. 5s sublevel filling: 2 elements 4d sublevel filling: 10 elements 5p sublevel filling: 6 elements --------------------------------------- Total: 18 elements For a printable periodic table that includes electron configurations, go to the following link: http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/periodic.cfm
Because in the first period, only the first energy level is being filled with electrons, which can take only a maximum of 2 electrons in the s sublevel. The electron configuration of hydrogen is 1s1 and helium is 1s2. There is no p sublevel in the first energy level.
The Aufbau principle states that electrons must be added to elements and ions in a VERY specific order with the lowest energy level being filled first and the highest last. This is where the Aufbau triangle comes in. It shows the order in which the energy levels must be filled.
silver
The p-block is just a part of the periodic table, from Group13 to Group 18. (13,14,15,16,17,18)The periodic table has four blocks: s-block, d-block, p-block, and f-block.I will add a link so you can visualize this...The p-block is called like that because the p sublevel of its atoms is being filled with electrons.P.S. The s sublevel fills completely with 2electrons.The p sublevel fills completely with 6electrons.The d sublevel fills completely with 10electrons.The f sublevel fills completely with 14electrons.
Electrons are being added to the same energy level.
Concerns about the element's toxicity have led to mercury thermometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of alcohol-filled or digital ones.