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In order to figure out how many atoms are in each sample, you would take 45, multiply it by 6.02 × 1023, and divided by the atomic mass. Since two of the numbers (45 and 6.02 × 1023) will be constants in all of the samples, the number of atoms will differ in each sample due to the atomic mass. 45 × (6.02 × 1023) / atomic mass in grams = number of atoms You could punch out all the numbers to see which sample has the greatest number of atoms, but it is easier to find the atomic mass for all of them and see which one is smaller. A larger atomic mass will mean the equation will be divided by a larger number, meaning the number of atoms will be smaller. So the smallest atomic mass would yield more atoms.

Atomic masses:

Mg- 24.3 grams

***F- 38.0 grams

P- 31.0 grams

Na- 23.0 grams

***Note that fluorine is a diatomic molecule

The sample of 45 g of sodium (Na) would contain the greatest number of atoms

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Q: Which has the greatest number of atoms- 45 grams of Mg 45 grams of F 45 grams of P or 45 grams of Na?
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