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The outer most electron.

The electrons of sodium are arranged in three energy shells.

Their electronic configuration is 1s2 , 2s2, 2p6 , 3s1.

The prefix figure indicates the energy shell number. '1' being the closest to the nucleus. and '3' being the furthest from the nucleus.

The letter 's' or 'p' indicates the 'shape' of the energy (sub)shell.

The suffix number indicates the number of electrons in that energy (sub)shell.

Hence 3s1 is the outermost shell (3) and the number of electrons is '1'.

Since it is furthest from the nucleus of the sodium atom and shielded by two inner shells , this 3s1 electrons is less strongly held to the atoms and readily ionises( leaves the atom). to form the cation 'Na^(+);.

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lenpollock

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1y ago

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