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Alkenes have pi bonds that are readily available to react because the strength of a pi bond isn't as strong as a sigma bond. Pi electrons will attack the nucleophile to form the respective carbocation. Alkanes only contain sigma bonds and have no pi electrons to attack a nucleophile. In order for an alkane to become a strong enough nucleophile it must not be sterically hindered (primary carbons prefered to tertiary) and most likely deprotenated by a very strong base ( likely stronger than sodium amide ).
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What is the reaction of alkenes with KMnO4?
When alkenes react with KMnO4, they undergo oxidation to form diols or glycols.
Which type of reaction will an alkene not undergo?
An alkene will not undergo a substitution reaction, where an atom or group replaces another atom or group in a molecule. Alkenes typically undergo addition reactions, where new atoms or groups are added to the carbon-carbon double bond.
Why carbonyl compounds undergo nucleophilic addition reactions?
Carbonyl compounds are electrophilic due to the partially positive carbon atom. Nucleophiles are attracted to this electrophilic carbon atom, leading to a nucleophilic addition reaction. The nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon, forming a tetrahedral intermediate, which then collapses to form the final product.
How can bromine water test the difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Bromine water can differentiate between alkanes and alkenes because alkenes can decolourize bromine water due to their ability to undergo addition reactions. Alkanes, being saturated hydrocarbons, do not react with bromine water because they lack double bonds to facilitate the addition reaction.
Is a secondary alkyl halide more likely to undergo an SN1 or SN2 reaction?
A secondary alkyl halide is more likely to undergo an SN1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) reaction due to the stability of the carbocation intermediate formed in the reaction.
What type of reaction is exhibited by alkenes?
Alkynes undergo many addition reactions such as: catalytic hydrogenation, addition by electrophilic reagents, hydration with tautomerism, hydroboration reactions, and oxidations. They also undergo nucleophilic addition reactions & reduction. Finally alkynes are the strongest bronsted acids made from only hydrocarbons.
When alkenes undergo addition reaction what kind of bond does it produce?
When alkenes undergo addition reactions, they typically form a new single bond, resulting in a saturated compound. This is because the double bond in the alkene is broken, allowing the addition of atoms or groups to each carbon of the original double bond.
How formaldehyde undergo addition reaction?
Formaldehye is H2C=O and has a double bond. The Carbon-oxygen bond is slightly polar and the carbon has partial positive charge and oxygen slightly negative charge. Hence formaldehyde will undergo nucleophilic addition addition reaction across the C=O.
What is the reaction of alkenes with KMnO4?
When alkenes react with KMnO4, they undergo oxidation to form diols or glycols.
Which type of reaction will an alkene not undergo?
An alkene will not undergo a substitution reaction, where an atom or group replaces another atom or group in a molecule. Alkenes typically undergo addition reactions, where new atoms or groups are added to the carbon-carbon double bond.
Why alkenes undergo addition reaction?
Alkenes undergo addition reactions due to the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C), which is a region of high electron density. This double bond can easily react with electrophiles, allowing new atoms or groups to be added across the double bond. The reaction typically results in the conversion of the double bond into a single bond, forming saturated compounds. This reactivity is a key feature of alkenes, facilitating various synthetic pathways in organic chemistry.
Why carbonyl compounds undergo nucleophilic addition reactions?
Carbonyl compounds are electrophilic due to the partially positive carbon atom. Nucleophiles are attracted to this electrophilic carbon atom, leading to a nucleophilic addition reaction. The nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon, forming a tetrahedral intermediate, which then collapses to form the final product.
How can bromine water test the difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Bromine water can differentiate between alkanes and alkenes because alkenes can decolourize bromine water due to their ability to undergo addition reactions. Alkanes, being saturated hydrocarbons, do not react with bromine water because they lack double bonds to facilitate the addition reaction.
Is a secondary alkyl halide more likely to undergo an SN1 or SN2 reaction?
A secondary alkyl halide is more likely to undergo an SN1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) reaction due to the stability of the carbocation intermediate formed in the reaction.
Why the remaining mixture of alkanes and alkenes have to discard into water for reaction with sulphuric acid?
The remaining mixture of alkanes and alkenes is discarded into water to separate the alkenes from the alkanes because alkenes are soluble in sulfuric acid and can undergo electrophilic addition reactions, while alkanes do not react with sulfuric acid. Water helps to extract the alkenes, allowing for a clearer separation of the components. Furthermore, this process minimizes the risk of unwanted reactions and ensures that only the reactive alkenes interact with sulfuric acid.
Does acetophenone undergo aldol condensation?
Acetophenone can undergo aldol condensation, where it can form a beta-hydroxy ketone through reaction with a strong base. This reaction involves the nucleophilic addition of an enolate ion formed from acetophenone to another acetophenone molecule, followed by dehydration to form the beta-hydroxy ketone product.
Why alkenes undergo nucleophilic addition reaction while simple alkanes do not?
Alkenes have pi bonds that are readily available to react because the strength of a pi bond isn't as strong as a sigma bond. Pi electrons will attack the nucleophile to form the respective carbocation. Alkanes only contain sigma bonds and have no pi electrons to attack a nucleophile. In order for an alkane to become a strong enough nucleophile it must not be sterically hindered (primary carbons prefered to tertiary) and most likely deprotenated by a very strong base ( likely stronger than sodium amide ).
