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In a Bohr diagram how many electrons are in each shell?
There are 4 electron sub-shells: s, p, d, and f. These letters stand for sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental, but the names are not important. s subshells have 2 electons, while p subshells have 6, d subshells have 10, and f subshells have 14. There can be higher subshells, but these subshells require too much energy to fill and no element with a g subshell (the next subshell after f) has ever been synthesized. The first shell (i.e. the first period of the periodic table) has only s. Thus, the first shell has 2 electrons. The second shell has s and p subshells, so it has 2+6 or 8 electrons. The third shell has s, p, and d subshells. It ultimately has 18 electons. This can be misleading, however. The d subshell requires more energy to fill than the higher-shell s subshell. This is why the third period of the periodic table does not have a d section: the d electron subshell of the third Bohr shell does not fill until after the s subshell of the fourth Bohr shell has filled. Looking at the periodic table, you can see that the third period only has 8 electrons, while the 4th period has 18. The 18 electrons in the fourth period are the s subshell of the fourth shell, the d subshell of the 3rd shell, and the p subshell of the 4th shell. The fourth shell is similar to the third shell, but more extreme. The fourth shell has s, p, d, and f subshells, but the f subshell is not filled until two higher s shells have been filled. It does, however, fill out to 32 electrons in the 6th period of the periodic table. In the 6th period, the first period to have 32 electrons, there are 32 electrons, filling these subshells: s subshell of the 6th shell, f subshell of the 4th shell, d subshell of the 5th shell, and then the p subshell of the 6th shell. The fifth shell would ultimately fill out to a full 50 electrons and would do so in the 8th period of the periodic table. However, as previously noted, no substance has ever been found or generated with that many electrons. It would fill the s subshell of three shells above (i.e. shell 8) before it filled the g subshell of shell 5. No element in the 8th period has ever been synthesized, so a filled fifth Bohr shell has never been found. A good example for a Bohr diagram would be Astatine, which is in the 6th period. In the first shell of the Bohr diagram, you have 2 electrons (s subshell only). It is filled completely. In the second, you have 8 electrons (s and p subshells) and in the third you have 18 electrons (s, p, and d), and both shells are filled completely. In the fourth shell, you have 32 electrons (s, p, d, and f), and it is filled completely. In the fifth shell, you have 18 electrons. This is because only the s, p, and d subshells are filled. It would require too much energy to fill the f subshell of the 5th shell, so the electrons just go to the s, p, and d subshell of higher shells. The 6th shell has 7 electrons. The 2 electrons of the s subshell are filled first, and then 5 electrons go into the p shell.
What is the difference between protons and electrons?
A proton is positive and an electron is negative Protons are approximately 1,835 times the mass of the electron. Protons are in the nucleus. Electrons are in the 'shells'.
Why is the ionisation energy of fluorine higher than iodine?
The best modern answer would involve quantum chemistry, but an easier to understand explanation is that the outermost electrons in fluorine are much closer to the nucleus that provides the attraction to hold the electrons and nucleus together as an atom than are the outermost electrons in iodine. This is sometimes called the "screening effect" of inner shell electrons that weakens the attraction between the nucleus and the outer shell electrons in large atoms such as iodine.
In the atom nearly all the mass is found in the what?
An atom is comprised of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The electrons take up the most space as they orbit the nucleus. But nearly all of the mass of the atom is found in the nucleus of the protons and neutrons.
Where is most of the mass located in an atom?
By far it is in the nucleus. Neutrons are very slightly more massive than protons, but not all atoms have neutrons. All atoms will have at least one proton. Protons and neutrons are both much, much more massive than electrons. Relatively speaking.
What would you find orbiting the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom. They have a negative electric charge and are much smaller than the nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons. The electrons move in specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus.
How does an atom's electrons affect its radioactivity?
An atom's electrons typically do not directly affect its radioactivity. Radioactivity is mainly determined by the nucleus of the atom, which contains protons and neutrons. The arrangement of electrons around the nucleus may play a role in the stability of the nucleus, but it is the composition of the nucleus itself that primarily determines an atom's radioactivity.
In a Bohr diagram how many electrons are in each shell?
There are 4 electron sub-shells: s, p, d, and f. These letters stand for sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental, but the names are not important. s subshells have 2 electons, while p subshells have 6, d subshells have 10, and f subshells have 14. There can be higher subshells, but these subshells require too much energy to fill and no element with a g subshell (the next subshell after f) has ever been synthesized. The first shell (i.e. the first period of the periodic table) has only s. Thus, the first shell has 2 electrons. The second shell has s and p subshells, so it has 2+6 or 8 electrons. The third shell has s, p, and d subshells. It ultimately has 18 electons. This can be misleading, however. The d subshell requires more energy to fill than the higher-shell s subshell. This is why the third period of the periodic table does not have a d section: the d electron subshell of the third Bohr shell does not fill until after the s subshell of the fourth Bohr shell has filled. Looking at the periodic table, you can see that the third period only has 8 electrons, while the 4th period has 18. The 18 electrons in the fourth period are the s subshell of the fourth shell, the d subshell of the 3rd shell, and the p subshell of the 4th shell. The fourth shell is similar to the third shell, but more extreme. The fourth shell has s, p, d, and f subshells, but the f subshell is not filled until two higher s shells have been filled. It does, however, fill out to 32 electrons in the 6th period of the periodic table. In the 6th period, the first period to have 32 electrons, there are 32 electrons, filling these subshells: s subshell of the 6th shell, f subshell of the 4th shell, d subshell of the 5th shell, and then the p subshell of the 6th shell. The fifth shell would ultimately fill out to a full 50 electrons and would do so in the 8th period of the periodic table. However, as previously noted, no substance has ever been found or generated with that many electrons. It would fill the s subshell of three shells above (i.e. shell 8) before it filled the g subshell of shell 5. No element in the 8th period has ever been synthesized, so a filled fifth Bohr shell has never been found. A good example for a Bohr diagram would be Astatine, which is in the 6th period. In the first shell of the Bohr diagram, you have 2 electrons (s subshell only). It is filled completely. In the second, you have 8 electrons (s and p subshells) and in the third you have 18 electrons (s, p, and d), and both shells are filled completely. In the fourth shell, you have 32 electrons (s, p, d, and f), and it is filled completely. In the fifth shell, you have 18 electrons. This is because only the s, p, and d subshells are filled. It would require too much energy to fill the f subshell of the 5th shell, so the electrons just go to the s, p, and d subshell of higher shells. The 6th shell has 7 electrons. The 2 electrons of the s subshell are filled first, and then 5 electrons go into the p shell.
What are the negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons are the negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. They have a much smaller mass compared to protons and neutrons, and their movement creates the electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus.
An electron is much larger than an atom?
This statement is not correct. An atom is made up of a nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons. Electrons are subatomic particles that are much smaller and have much less mass than the nucleus of an atom.
Which of these characteristics differentiates electrons from protons and neutrons?
Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom, while protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, and neutrons are neutral particles also found in the nucleus. Electrons are much smaller in mass compared to protons and neutrons.
What prevents the electrons that orbit an atom's nucleus at high speeds from breaking away from the nucleus due to centrifugal force?
Electrons are held in place by the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the negatively charged electrons. This force of attraction, known as the electromagnetic force, is stronger than the centrifugal force acting on the electrons, keeping them in orbit around the nucleus.
How does the diameter of the K atom compare to the diameter of the K plus cation?
The K+ cation is much, much smaller than the neutral K atom--as much as 10 time smaller. This is true of all atoms and their cations, since in a cation there are more protons than electrons. Because of this, the protons' pull on the electrons is very strong, pulling the electron cloud much closer to the nucleus
Which is more massive an atoms nucleus or an atoms electron cloud?
The nucleus, consisting of protons and neutrons, is much more massive than the electrons.
What is the difference between protons and electrons?
A proton is positive and an electron is negative Protons are approximately 1,835 times the mass of the electron. Protons are in the nucleus. Electrons are in the 'shells'.
Which part of the atom contains more than 99 percent of its mass?
The protons and neutrons found in the nucleus are responsible for the majority of the atom mass while the much smaller electrons orbit the nucleus.
How much smaller is the diameter of a nucleus compared to the diameter of the location of electrons?
it's ovisly 97%
