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Sodium is a metal and whilst metals are generally ionic some do indeed form covalent bonds. The alkali metals generally form ionic compounds. Taking sodium

it has a low electronegativity (O.93)

  1. its 1st ionisation energy is low 495.8 kJ/mol ( compared to some elemnts in the same period, magnesium which is 737.7kJ/mol, and silicon 786.5kJ/mol) so energy required to lose electrons easier to compensate for in forming ionic compounds.
  2. to achieve the octet it would need to share 7 electrons!
  3. the sodium ion has an ionic radius of 116pm- it is therefore not as polarising as say Lithium. (ignore this if you haven't come across Fajans rules for polarisability by small cations leading to some covalency.)
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12y ago

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