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Because of the difference in electronegativities between atoms in a molecule, the electrons in a molecule can be drawn more strongly to one part of the molecule over another. If one region of a molecule is asymmetric and accompanies this difference in electronegativity, a dipole moment results.
Examples:
1) water - H-O-H - oxygen more electronegative than hydrogen...oxygen side is more negative than hydrogen side
2) ammonia - NH3 - pyramidal structure of ammonia leaves hydrogen with one unshared pair of electrons...which makes the unpaired side more negative than the side with three hydrogen atoms
However, even with dipole moments within a molecule, symmetries can prevent a net dipole moment from forming.
An example is carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).
In this molecule, dipole moments exist between chlorine atoms (more electronegative) and the central carbon atom (less electronegative). However, because of the tetrahedral symmetry of the molecule, no net dipole moment is formed.
What else can I help you with?
Do London dispersion forces exist between polar molecules and result from temporary dipoles?
London dispersion forces derive from the interraction of instantaneous induced dipoles - the inetraction of polar molecules (having a permanent dipole )is called a Keesom force- the force between a permanent polar molecule and an induced dipole in another molecule is called a debye force--
What two intermolecular force attracts two non polar molecules to each other?
Van der waals forces
What is the weakest van der Waals force?
The weakest van der Waals force is the dispersion force, which arises from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules or atoms. It is caused by momentary dipoles that induce similar dipoles in neighboring molecules, leading to weak attractive interactions.
The weak type of bonding which attracts molecules to molecules is?
Van der Waals forces. These forces are caused by temporary dipoles that develop due to fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules, leading to weak attractions between molecules.
Are induced dipoles permanent?
Induced dipoles are temporary and not permanent. They are created in nonpolar molecules when they are exposed to an electric field, causing the distribution of electrons to shift temporarily, resulting in the formation of a dipole moment. Once the electric field is removed, the induced dipoles disappear.
What causes dipoles attractions?
The attraction between polar molecules.
Do London dispersion forces exist between polar molecules and result from temporary dipoles?
London dispersion forces derive from the interraction of instantaneous induced dipoles - the inetraction of polar molecules (having a permanent dipole )is called a Keesom force- the force between a permanent polar molecule and an induced dipole in another molecule is called a debye force--
What do nonpolars have?
Nonpolar molecules have no net dipoles. The most common nonpolar molecules are hydrocarbons. These are molecules made entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
What intermolecular force attracts two nonpolar molecules to each othe?
The intermolecular force that attracts two nonpolar molecules to each other is called London dispersion forces. These forces arise from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules, leading to the formation of instantaneous dipoles. These dipoles can induce corresponding dipoles in neighboring molecules, resulting in a weak attraction between them. Although individually weak, these forces can become significant in larger nonpolar molecules or in bulk quantities.
What do nonpolar molecule have?
Nonpolar molecules have no net dipoles. The most common nonpolar molecules are hydrocarbons. These are molecules made entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
What are dipoles?
Dipoles means "two poles". This refers to molecules or anything where the ends have different charges or fields or polarities. A dipole magnet has a north and south pole. Dipole failure in insulation is where + and - charged pieces oscillate and cause the insulation to fail. Many molecules are dipoles.
Which substance is made up of molecules that are dipoles?
Water is a substance made up of molecules that are dipoles. The oxygen atom in a water molecule has a slight negative charge, while the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge, resulting in an overall dipole moment.
How are the London forces between molecules produced?
London forces, also known as dispersion forces, arise from the temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules, leading to the formation of instantaneous dipoles. These dipoles can induce corresponding dipoles in neighboring molecules, resulting in a weak attractive force between them. The strength of London forces increases with the number of electrons and the size of the molecules, making larger and more polarizable molecules exhibit stronger dispersion interactions. Overall, these forces are a fundamental type of van der Waals forces that contribute to the physical properties of substances.
What are the types of dipole?
The two main types of dipoles are electric dipoles, which consist of two opposite charges separated by a distance, and magnetic dipoles, which involve a pair of magnetic poles with opposite polarities. Electric dipoles are commonly found in molecules, while magnetic dipoles are seen in magnets and certain atomic particles.
What two intermolecular force attracts two non polar molecules to each other?
Van der waals forces
what objects can be electrically polarized?
Objects that have asymmetrical distribution of charge, such as molecules with a permanent dipole moment or materials with aligned dipoles, can be electrically polarized. Examples include water molecules, certain crystals like quartz, and some ceramic materials.
What is the weakest van der Waals force?
The weakest van der Waals force is the dispersion force, which arises from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within molecules or atoms. It is caused by momentary dipoles that induce similar dipoles in neighboring molecules, leading to weak attractive interactions.
