Tannins are neutralized by potassium carbonate, remain in the water solution and caffeine is easily extracted with methylene chloride.
The reason sodium carbonate is added to the tea is because the tannins are acidic and sodium carbonate is a base, so when sodium carbonate is added to the tea water mixture, the acids are converted to their sodium salts which are highly soluble in water.
Potassium hydroxide will react with carbon dioxide to produce potassium carbonate.
It is easier to obtain a metal from its oxide as compared to its sulphides and carbonates. So the metal sulphides & carbonates must be converted to metal oxides to ease the extraction
during depolarization
chloroform is used to denature protein and settle it in the bottom during rna extraction ,also it helps to form organic and inorganic layers in which rna is dissolved in inorganic layer.
The reason sodium carbonate is added to the tea is because the tannins are acidic and sodium carbonate is a base, so when sodium carbonate is added to the tea water mixture, the acids are converted to their sodium salts which are highly soluble in water.
Sodium chloride improve the yield of caffeine extraction from water during the process of decaffeinization.
It is usually added during an extraction in order to make the solution alkaline. Often times, this aids in the efficiency of the extraction.
Tannins are polyphenols, which contain ionizable hydroxyl (-OH) groups on benzene rings. These groups are only weakly acidic, so to extract caffeine more efficiently, it requires a base such as carbonate to convert them completely to the ionic form and make them water soluble. However, these ions can be easily converted back to their original --OH via protonations by using acid such as HCl or H2SO4.
Potassium hydroxide will react with carbon dioxide to produce potassium carbonate.
This is necessary to ensure the solvent moves amongst the tea leaf particles to extract all the caffeine. It agitates the tea leaf particles and separates any that are clumping together and hindering efficient extraction.
It is easier to obtain a metal from its oxide as compared to its sulphides and carbonates. So the metal sulphides & carbonates must be converted to metal oxides to ease the extraction
Trichloroacetic acid is used for precipitation of the DNA during its extraction.
the purpose of grinding any substance during dna extraction is cell loosening.
•Aragonite is a metastable calcium carbonate • •Calcium carbonate is stable • •Will recrystallize to calcite during diagenesis
sodium-potassium pump
aqueous layer