-NH2 has a very good isomer effect that activates o,p
-NHCOCH3 has 2 isomers one who activates o,p and one who deactivates the o,p
salicytic acid is a ortho para directing group ....however check up on that ...i am not completely certain .. Actually, it is a meta-directing group, because of the carboxylic acid functional that the salicylic acid contains. Hope that was helpful.
orientation of incoming Nitro group is destined by already present group on benzene ring . if already present group is electron donating group, it will promote electron density at ortho and para position and , therefore, nitro group is formed on ortho and para position.
the ortho effect operates due to position of substituted group in ortho position. it increases the steric repulsion in 'amino' grup of aniline there by decreasing its basicity ,i.e tendency to accept proton.
The hydroxyl group (-OH) is an ortho para director in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions because it is an activating group that stabilizes the developing positive charge on the ortho and para positions through resonance. This makes these positions more electron rich and therefore more susceptible to electrophilic attack.
Ortho-nitrobenzoic acid is more acidic than ortho-methoxybenzoic acid because the nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group that stabilizes the negative charge on the conjugate base through resonance, making it easier to lose a proton. The methoxy group, on the other hand, is an electron-donating group that destabilizes the conjugate base, making it less acidic.
Acetanilide is predominantly para directing due to the electron-donating resonance effect of its acetamido group (-NHCOCH3). This group stabilizes the positive charge that develops on the aromatic ring during electrophilic aromatic substitution, particularly at the para position, more effectively than at the ortho position. Additionally, steric hindrance at the ortho position makes substitution less favorable there, further enhancing the para preference. As a result, electrophiles are more likely to attack the para position of the acetanilide ring.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is an example of Ortho and para directing group and meta directing group.
salicytic acid is a ortho para directing group ....however check up on that ...i am not completely certain .. Actually, it is a meta-directing group, because of the carboxylic acid functional that the salicylic acid contains. Hope that was helpful.
This group attached to benzene ring acts as the ortho-para directing group due to Hyperconjugation.
orientation of incoming Nitro group is destined by already present group on benzene ring . if already present group is electron donating group, it will promote electron density at ortho and para position and , therefore, nitro group is formed on ortho and para position.
the ortho effect operates due to position of substituted group in ortho position. it increases the steric repulsion in 'amino' grup of aniline there by decreasing its basicity ,i.e tendency to accept proton.
The hydroxyl group (-OH) is an ortho para director in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions because it is an activating group that stabilizes the developing positive charge on the ortho and para positions through resonance. This makes these positions more electron rich and therefore more susceptible to electrophilic attack.
Ortho-nitrobenzoic acid is more acidic than ortho-methoxybenzoic acid because the nitro group is an electron-withdrawing group that stabilizes the negative charge on the conjugate base through resonance, making it easier to lose a proton. The methoxy group, on the other hand, is an electron-donating group that destabilizes the conjugate base, making it less acidic.
In phthalic acid, the two carboxylic acid (COOH) groups are positioned at the ortho positions relative to each other due to the structure of the phthalic acid molecule and the stability of its intermediates during electrophilic aromatic substitution. The presence of one COOH group can stabilize the formation of the ortho position via resonance, making it more favorable for further substitution. While COOH is generally a meta-directing group due to its electron-withdrawing nature, in the case of phthalic acid, the existing ortho position enhances the stability of the molecule, leading to a preference for ortho substitution.
ortho-para in benzene is meaningless these positions are for monosubstituted benzene. Meta is positions 3 and 5. Ortho is position 2 and 6 with relation to already attached group, para is 4 (opposite) to attached group.
Nitroso group (-NO) is deactivating because it withdraws electron density from the benzene ring due to its electronegativity. However, it is ortho para directing because it can donate electrons into the benzene ring through resonance, enhancing the electron density at the ortho and para positions.
Para-hydroxyacetophenone is more polar than ortho-hydroxyacetophenone due to the position of the hydroxyl group relative to the carbonyl group. In para-hydroxyacetophenone, the hydroxyl group is positioned across from the carbonyl group, leading to stronger hydrogen bonding interactions and increased polarity. This results in differences in physical properties such as solubility and boiling point between the two isomers.