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Oil has only C-H (carbon-hydrogen) bonds, which are nonpolar. Sugar has only C-OH bonds, which are polar. That is, there is a slight negative charge on the oxygen atom and a slight positive charge on the hydrogen. Thus, sugar molecules are strongly attracted to other sugar molecules, but not at all to oil molecules.

Sugars are generally highly soluble in polar solvents, such as water. Slightly polar solvents, such as alcohols, will dissolve some sugars but not others.

This is partly a matter of hydrogen bonding, in which the positive hydrogens of one molecule are attracted to the negative oxygens of another, and partly a matter of dielectric constant: Polar solvents have high dielectric constants, enabling charges to be separated without much added energy.

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