Why pH ranges from 0-14?

Answer 1

It approximates but is not equal to p[H], the negative log of the molar concentration of dissolved hydrogen ions. This about matches the number of places behind the decimal point, so for example 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid should be near pH 1 and 0.0001 molar HCl should be near pH 4. However, the pH scale is not precisely p[H], but takes into account an activity factor. This is the tendency of hydrogen ions to interact with other parts of the solution. As a result, pH can be affected by the ionic strength of a solution.

Answer 2

pH ranges from 0-14 because it is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, indicating a balance between acidic and basic components. Lower pH values indicate acidity (0-6) and higher values indicate alkalinity (8-14).