How do you design a ventilated improved pit-latrine?

Answer 1

Designing a ventilated improved pit-latrine (VIP latrine) involves considering various factors to ensure the latrine's functionality, hygiene, and sustainability. A VIP latrine is a type of pit latrine that incorporates ventilation to reduce odors and improve sanitation. Here are the steps to design a ventilated improved pit-latrine:

1. Site Selection:

Choose a suitable location for the latrine, considering factors such as proximity to the household, water sources, and avoiding areas prone to flooding. The site should also comply with local regulations and guidelines.

2. Pit Size and Depth:

Determine the pit size and depth based on the expected usage and the number of users. The pit should be deep enough to accommodate the waste for an extended period before requiring emptying or decommissioning.

3. Pit Liner:

Consider using a concrete or brick lining for the pit to prevent collapse and contamination of surrounding soil and groundwater. The liner should be well-sealed to prevent leakage.

4. Ventilation Pipe:

Include a ventilation pipe in the design to facilitate airflow within the latrine. The pipe extends from the pit to above the roofline, creating a vent that allows odors and gases to escape.

5. Superstructure:

Design a simple, yet sturdy superstructure for the latrine that provides privacy and protection from the elements. It should be constructed from locally available materials and should be easy to clean and maintain.

6. Vent Pipe Protection:

Install a fly-proof vent cover at the top of the ventilation pipe to prevent flies and insects from entering the latrine.

7. Slab and Squat Plate:

Include a slab or platform for the user to stand or sit on while using the latrine. For improved hygiene, use a squat plate or seat made of durable and easily cleanable material.

8. Handwashing Facility:

Incorporate a handwashing facility near the latrine with a water source and soap or hand sanitizer for users to practice proper hygiene.

9. Accessibility:

Ensure the latrine is accessible to all users, including children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Provide a stable path leading to the latrine and consider handrails or support structures if needed.

10. Regular Maintenance:

Plan for regular maintenance and emptying of the pit to avoid overflow and ensure the longevity of the latrine. Educate users on proper maintenance practices.

11. Educate Users:

Provide education and training to users on proper latrine usage, handwashing, and overall sanitation practices to promote good hygiene and prevent contamination.

Throughout the design process, involve the community and local stakeholders to ensure that the latrine meets their needs and cultural preferences. Additionally, seek guidance from local health and sanitation experts or organizations to ensure the latrine design aligns with best practices and local regulations.

Answer 2

Look at "The design of ventilated improved pit latrines" from Mara, D. Duncan ; UNDP ; Technical Advisory Group (TAG), by the World Bank. The document is available at http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000178830_98101903445788 or http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/04/24/000178830_98101903445788/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf

If this doesn't work for you, try a hand grenade.