A phase-sensitive detector (PSD) outputs a voltage or current that corresponds to the amplitude and phase of an input signal relative to a reference signal. Specifically, it demodulates the input signal by multiplying it with a reference signal, often resulting in a signal that retains information about both the amplitude and phase differences. This output is particularly useful in applications like lock-in amplifiers and coherent detection in communication systems, where it enables the extraction of weak signals from noisy environments.
To extract amplitude and phase information from the AC output of a Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT), you can use a combination of a precision rectifier and a phase-sensitive detector (PSD). The precision rectifier converts the AC signal to a DC level proportional to the amplitude, while the PSD, synchronized with the reference signal, measures the phase difference between the AC output and the reference signal. By processing the rectified signal and the output from the PSD, you can obtain both the amplitude and phase information of the LVDT output. Additionally, using an oscilloscope can visualize both the amplitude and phase for further analysis.
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A Bolometer.
This type of smoke detector is more sensitive. It uses a laser diode in the sensor instead of an LED which allows it to be much more sensitive.
A phase-locked loop (PLL) can be used as a universal detector for Amplitude Modulation (AM) by utilizing its ability to track the phase and frequency of the incoming modulated signal. The PLL locks onto the carrier frequency of the AM signal, allowing it to demodulate the envelope variations caused by the modulation. By comparing the output of the PLL with the original carrier frequency, the modulation information can be extracted as the difference between the two signals. This makes the PLL an effective detector for demodulating AM signals across a wide range of frequencies and modulation depths.
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A non coherent detector is a type of device that does not need a receiver carrier to be phase locked to a transmitter carrier. A coherent detector demodulates signals.
The output of a common emitter stage is inverted, it is not out of phase.
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Distortion.
Common emitter is the only transistor configuration that has an 180 degree phase difference between input and output. Common base and common collector outputs are in phase with the input.***********************************That is incorrect.The output of the common emitter is inverted, there is no phase shift.
We can quantitatively analyse pregabalin on hplc with uv detector, wavelength will be 210 n.m. and mobile phase will be 5 % acetonitrile. standard & sample solution preparation should be in mobile phase.