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Tonewood is the term generally used to designate wood with recognized and consistent acoustic qualities when used in the making of Musical Instruments. The type of wood used on stringed instruments (such as a lute, a violin or a guitar) is a much debated factor contributing to its tone. A musical instrument is usually made with several kinds of wood. Since sound is generated through vibration, the instrument's primary wood is selected for the particular characteristics of its vibration. In parts of the instrument not responsible for generating tone, woods are selected for other reasons: a hard wood for the fingerboard, an easily-worked wood for decoration, and so forth. The woods that don't absorb and deaden the sound are considered "tonewoods".

There are a considerable variety of different tonewoods used in lutherie. Below are descriptions of the general tonal properties of some of the most widely used tonewoods. It is common to employ at least two different tonewoods: one or more varieties for the back and sides, and one for the sounding board, or "top". The uniformity of the material and moisture content in the wood affects the tone or sound of the stringed instrument. Moisture in the wood affects the sound: the best sound usually found in woods that are very dry. Guitar wood is dried to less than 6% moisture content (below the range of most wood moisture meters) in heated storage for a total of three to six months before final precision machining of the wood. Wood for lutes and violins is usually dried for several years.

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