There are three types of attenuation in fibe optics cable.
1). Bending Losses
2). Scattering
3). Absorption
optical fiber
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When an optical signal of a given wavelength travels in the fiber it looses power. The amount of loss of power per Km length of fiber is called its attenuation. A=10*LOG10(POUT/PIN) dB/Km Where POuT is optical power after 1 Km PIN is th epower launched in the Fiber.
Because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths.
When an optical signal of a given wavelength travels in the fiber it looses power. The amount of loss of power per Km length of fiber is called its attenuation. A=10*LOG10(POUT/PIN) dB/Km Where POuT is optical power after 1 Km PIN is th epower launched in the Fiber.
The attenuation of the fiber is different with different wavelengths because of the inherent material properties and characteristics of the fiber. Different wavelengths of light interact differently with the core and cladding materials of the fiber, leading to varying levels of absorption and scattering. This can result in different attenuation rates for different wavelengths in the fiber optic system.
Attenuation in fiber means 'loss of optical power' suffered by the optical signal in fiber itself.
Light is, but not necessarily the visible kind. For glass fibers, we use light in the infrared region, which has wavelengths longer than visible light, typically around 850, 1300 and 1550 nm. Those are used because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths. The attenuation of glass optical fiber is caused by two factors, absorption and scattering. Absorption occurs in several specific wavelengths called water bands due to the absorption by minute amounts of water vapor in the glass. Plastic optical fiber is made from materials that have lower absorption at shorter wavelengths, so red light at 650 nm is often used with plastic fiber.
In Optical Fiber Communication system 1300-1550 nm range wavelengths are used.. Reason for tis s "In this range only we can acheive low attenuation with zero dispersion"
Yhere are varirties of Optical fibers with different sizes and characterstics but all of them are solids.
A fiber optical signal is based on the transfer of photons, while an electrical signal is based on the transfer of electrons.
The optical fiber can be used both as unidirectional and bidirectional. The main application of optical fiber is in long-distance links, so there exists no need to employ them as unidirectional. For each direction different wavelengths are used to modulat the signals. At the same time many bidirectional signals can travel through the same optical fiber.