There are three types of attenuation in fibe optics cable.
1). Bending Losses
2). Scattering
3). Absorption
optical fiber
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When an optical signal of a given wavelength travels in the fiber it looses power. The amount of loss of power per Km length of fiber is called its attenuation. A=10*LOG10(POUT/PIN) dB/Km Where POuT is optical power after 1 Km PIN is th epower launched in the Fiber.
Because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths.
When an optical signal of a given wavelength travels in the fiber it looses power. The amount of loss of power per Km length of fiber is called its attenuation. A=10*LOG10(POUT/PIN) dB/Km Where POuT is optical power after 1 Km PIN is th epower launched in the Fiber.
Fiber attenuation, or the loss of signal strength in optical fibers, is primarily caused by factors like scattering, absorption, and bending of the fiber. Scattering occurs due to imperfections in the fiber material and microscopic variations in the glass, while absorption results from the material's inherent properties absorbing light. Additionally, bending losses arise when the fiber is bent too tightly, causing light to escape from the core. These factors collectively contribute to the overall attenuation of the transmitted signal.
The attenuation of the fiber is different with different wavelengths because of the inherent material properties and characteristics of the fiber. Different wavelengths of light interact differently with the core and cladding materials of the fiber, leading to varying levels of absorption and scattering. This can result in different attenuation rates for different wavelengths in the fiber optic system.
The largest contributor to fiber attenuation is scattering, particularly Rayleigh scattering, which occurs due to microscopic variations in the density and composition of the glass material. Additionally, absorption losses, primarily caused by impurities in the fiber and intrinsic material properties, also significantly contribute to overall attenuation. Together, these factors determine the efficiency and performance of optical fibers in transmitting signals over long distances.
Attenuation in fiber means 'loss of optical power' suffered by the optical signal in fiber itself.
Light is, but not necessarily the visible kind. For glass fibers, we use light in the infrared region, which has wavelengths longer than visible light, typically around 850, 1300 and 1550 nm. Those are used because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths. The attenuation of glass optical fiber is caused by two factors, absorption and scattering. Absorption occurs in several specific wavelengths called water bands due to the absorption by minute amounts of water vapor in the glass. Plastic optical fiber is made from materials that have lower absorption at shorter wavelengths, so red light at 650 nm is often used with plastic fiber.
In Optical Fiber Communication system 1300-1550 nm range wavelengths are used.. Reason for tis s "In this range only we can acheive low attenuation with zero dispersion"
Yhere are varirties of Optical fibers with different sizes and characterstics but all of them are solids.