There are three types of attenuation in fibe optics cable.
1). Bending Losses
2). Scattering
3). Absorption
optical fiber
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When an optical signal of a given wavelength travels in the fiber it looses power. The amount of loss of power per Km length of fiber is called its attenuation. A=10*LOG10(POUT/PIN) dB/Km Where POuT is optical power after 1 Km PIN is th epower launched in the Fiber.
Because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths.
When an optical signal of a given wavelength travels in the fiber it looses power. The amount of loss of power per Km length of fiber is called its attenuation. A=10*LOG10(POUT/PIN) dB/Km Where POuT is optical power after 1 Km PIN is th epower launched in the Fiber.
The attenuation of the fiber is different with different wavelengths because of the inherent material properties and characteristics of the fiber. Different wavelengths of light interact differently with the core and cladding materials of the fiber, leading to varying levels of absorption and scattering. This can result in different attenuation rates for different wavelengths in the fiber optic system.
Attenuation in fiber means 'loss of optical power' suffered by the optical signal in fiber itself.
Light is, but not necessarily the visible kind. For glass fibers, we use light in the infrared region, which has wavelengths longer than visible light, typically around 850, 1300 and 1550 nm. Those are used because the attenuation of the fiber is much less at those wavelengths. The attenuation of glass optical fiber is caused by two factors, absorption and scattering. Absorption occurs in several specific wavelengths called water bands due to the absorption by minute amounts of water vapor in the glass. Plastic optical fiber is made from materials that have lower absorption at shorter wavelengths, so red light at 650 nm is often used with plastic fiber.
In Optical Fiber Communication system 1300-1550 nm range wavelengths are used.. Reason for tis s "In this range only we can acheive low attenuation with zero dispersion"
Yhere are varirties of Optical fibers with different sizes and characterstics but all of them are solids.
The effective area in optical fiber refers to the cross-sectional area through which light can effectively propagate within the fiber. It is a key parameter that influences the fiber's performance, particularly in terms of signal loss and nonlinearity. A larger effective area typically results in lower attenuation and reduced nonlinear effects, making it advantageous for high-capacity transmission. This concept is crucial for designing fibers used in telecommunications and other optical applications.
A fiber optical signal is based on the transfer of photons, while an electrical signal is based on the transfer of electrons.