Data link layer
Data Link
Which of the OSI layers handle the following. 1.dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames? Data link layer Which of the OSI layers handle the following: 2.dividing the application data into segments? Transport layer the PDU (Packet Data unit) for layers is as the following - Application, Presentation, and Session layers ==> uses Data - Transport layer ==> uses Segment - Network layer ==> uses Packets - Data link layer ==> uses Frames - Physical layer ==> uses Bits. ....
Primary functions provided by Layer 2 data encapsulation include data link layer addressing, and the detection of errors via cyclic redundancy check calculations. An additional function is delimiting groups of bits into frames.
physical layer
How many bits are there in a data link layer ethernet address?
bits, frames, packets, segments
Data Link
The Data Link layer is responsible for arranging the transmission of data frames' bits when they are dispatched across the network. It ensures reliable transfer of data frames between directly connected nodes by managing error detection and correction, as well as framing and addressing. This layer operates above the Physical layer, which handles the actual transmission of raw bit streams over the physical medium.
The physical layer of the OSI model does not operate with a specific number of bits, as it deals with the transmission of raw binary data over physical media. Instead, it is concerned with the characteristics of the physical connection, including voltage levels, timing, and signaling methods. Data is transmitted as a series of bits, but the physical layer itself is focused on how these bits are represented and transmitted over the medium.
By layer, I am assuming you are talking about either the OSI 7 layer model or the TCP/IP 4 layer model. A router is fairly complex and provides services at 3 of the OSI model layers and 2 of the TCP/IP model layers. In the OSI model a router handles the Network Layer. In the TCP/IP model this layer is called the Internet Layer. It changes logical addresses to machine addresses and then finds paths (routes) to the destination node. It may break up the data into smaller parts for transmission or reassembling data received. There is no verification of successful transmission. A router also maintains a list of nodes that it is immediately connected to (computers, smart TV, Xbox, ...). Data segments from higher layers is converted to datagrams. Datagrams received from lower layers are translated into data segments. The router establishes a Data Link Layer to all devices it is immediately connected to . This layer provide reliable communication and can detect and sometimes correct errors at the Physical Layer. The datagrams received from the Network Layer are converted into data frames and sent to the Physical layer. Data frames received from the physical layer are converted into datagrams and sent to the Network Layer. The router also provides Physical Link Layer connections to all devices immediately connected to it. This is physical and electrical characteristics of the communication media (wire, fiber, wireless, ...). This is where the signals are negotiated like speed, timing, pin layout, voltages, ... After negotiation the physical layer is responsible for actual transmission of data over the line. Data frames received from the Data Link Layer are converted to bits and sent to the remote node. Bits received from the remote node are converted into data frames and sent to the Data Link Layer. The Data Link Layer and the Physical Layer are called the Link Layer in the TCP/IP model.
the physical layer (layer 1) manages hardware connections, handles sending and receiving binary signals, and handles encoding of bits.
The OSI layer that moves bits between devices is the Physical layer, which is the first layer of the OSI model. It is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw binary data over a physical medium, such as cables or wireless signals. This layer defines the electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects required for the physical connection between devices.
Which of the OSI layers handle the following. 1.dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames? Data link layer Which of the OSI layers handle the following: 2.dividing the application data into segments? Transport layer the PDU (Packet Data unit) for layers is as the following - Application, Presentation, and Session layers ==> uses Data - Transport layer ==> uses Segment - Network layer ==> uses Packets - Data link layer ==> uses Frames - Physical layer ==> uses Bits. ....
Primary functions provided by Layer 2 data encapsulation include data link layer addressing, and the detection of errors via cyclic redundancy check calculations. An additional function is delimiting groups of bits into frames.
The physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI Network Model. It is the part that physically transfers data from one location to another location. For instance, in your cell phone, it is the physical radio that encodes, transmits, and decodes your data packets. In a carrier pigeon network, it would be the carrier pigeons and their pigeon roosts.
As was given for a 4 Page, 1024 words & 64 frames (shown below) 4 pages -> 2^2 bits 1024 bytes -> 2^10 bits 64 frames -> 2^6 bits Therefore: Logical memory = 2+10=12 bits Physical memory = 10 +6 =16 bits The answer for this problem is 13. 8 pages -> 2^3 bits 1024 bytes -> 2^10 bits 32 frames -> 2^5 bits Therefore: Logical memory = 3+10=13 bits (Page + Word) Physical memory = 10 + 5 =15 bits (Word + Frame)
physical layer