. How does the CPU know when the memory operation is completed?
There is no such thing as a CPU Drive. If you meant "What does a CPU communicate with", then the answer is everything inside your computer.
Fan
A method for the CPU to communicate with the device, Software to instruct and control the device, and Electricity to power the device.
CPU
no router is a network device using router only we can connect to different networks in a LAN so the answer is CPU.
The CPU interface coordinates data transfer through a combination of control signals, data buses, and address buses. Control signals dictate when data should be sent or received, while the data bus carries the actual data between the CPU and other components, such as memory or I/O devices. The address bus specifies the memory location or device involved in the transfer. This coordinated effort ensures that data flows smoothly and accurately between the CPU and other system components.
1.Programmed IO is the process of IO instruction written in computer program , where Interrupt Initiated IO is done by using interrupt and some special command. 2.The advantage of Interrupt Initiated IO is ,it is a time consuming process than Programmed IO. 3.In Programmed IO technique to transfer data,required constant motoring on peripheral by CPU,once data transfer is initiated, CPU have to wait for next transfer. In Interrupt Initiated IO once data transfer initiated ,CPU execute next program without wasting time and the interface keep monitoring the device. When the interface determines that the device is ready to transfer data, it generate an interrupt request,CPU stop the current task,execute the transferring process,and then return to the previous on-processing task.
DMA transfer mode
DMA
Programmed IO requires the CPU to manually transfer data between a device and memory. The CPU must constantly check the status of the device to determine when data can be transferred. It is a simple and efficient method but can result in high CPU utilization and slow transfer speeds.
Device management techniques in operating systems involve strategies to control and coordinate hardware devices, ensuring efficient communication between the CPU and peripherals. Key techniques include buffering, caching, and spooling, which help manage data transfer and improve performance. Additionally, the OS uses device drivers to facilitate interaction with hardware, abstracting details and providing a uniform interface. Overall, effective device management enhances system stability and resource utilization.
what are cpu device
it is a device to transfer the data directly between io device and memory without through the cpu so it performs a high-speed data transfer between memory and io device
Direct Memory Access (DMA) has priority over the CPU when both request a memory transfer because DMA can access memory independently of the CPU, allowing for simultaneous data transfers. This reduces the burden on the CPU and improves overall system performance. Additionally, DMA transfers are typically faster and more efficient than CPU transfers, making them a preferred choice for handling memory transfers.
How Memory interface with CPU indicate the direction of signal and control signals?
Yes, the CPU itself is a processing device, it is the "brain" of the computer. CPU = Central *Processing* Unit
CPU is not a peripheral device.