Presentation Layer - ASCII or EBCDEC data syntax. Makes the type of data transparent to the layers around it. Used to translate date to computer specific format such as byte ordering. It may include compression. It prepares the data, either for the network or the application depending on the direction it is going.
Router
Packetization is the process of breaking down information sent or transmitted across the Internet into small parts called packets. Packetization is used in many different fields.
tcp/ip
Which three pieces of information must be specified on a computer to allow that computer to send and receive information across networks? (Choose three.) IP address subnet mask closest server default gateway operating system network card manufacturer
The Layer 3(Network Layer) is associated with IP addressing.Because,It converts the frames into packets and address them to send across the other network through intermediary devices.While transferring across the other network's have to know about the destination IP address and also source IP address's deals with IP address.
Router
An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, such as LANs or WANs, connected by routers to enable communication across different networks. It allows devices on different networks to exchange data by forwarding packets between them. The internet is a prime example of a vast internetwork connecting millions of networks worldwide.
Functionality of mobile systems across heterogeneous Networks
Any mail server program. You mean which protocol? That would be SMTP, the Simple Mail Transport Protocol.
To transfer data packets across the Internet
A software virus attaches itself to a program or file and requires user action to spread, while a software worm can self-replicate and spread without user intervention. Viruses need a host file to infect, while worms can move across networks independently.
I assume you mean wireless access point? A wireless access point allows you to connect wirelessly to a wired network. A router routes packets across different networks/subnets. Both are completely different devices but can be bundled together.
Some examples of destructive software include ransomware, which encrypts files and demands payment for decryption; viruses, which replicate and spread to damage a system; trojans, which masquerade as legitimate software to steal information or control a system; and worms, which self-replicate and spread across networks to consume bandwidth and resources.
osmosis and diffusion
The server adds the source and destination IP addresses to the packet header. TCP------>Transmission control protocol is used in Transport layer which is the fourth layer.The Network layer is the third layer's data segments is converted into Packets in the network layer.In network layer packets are created and addressed them to transport across the other networks.
Packetization is the process of breaking down information sent or transmitted across the Internet into small parts called packets. Packetization is used in many different fields.
Use traceroute (tracert) or pathping