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What is circuit switch and packet switch?
These are types of switches used in networks. A packet-switched network moves data in separate units called packets which are then assembled to create the message. Circuit switched networks send continuously but require dedicated point-to-point connections.
How does a dynamic route get into a routing table?
Routing is the process that direct a packet to choose an optimal path from source to destination. Routing is of two types static routing and dynamic routing . Dynamic routing is not done manually and uses a number of protocols , it is automatic.
How many types of repeaters are there?
Signal repeaters are generally used in the telecommunication and electronics industries. There can be passive radio signal repeaters, multi-port repeaters, optical signal repeaters for optical fiber and digipeaters which repeat packet data.
How many layers are in the OSI model?
The OSI 7 layer model descibes the theoretical levels of networking on a computer Layer 1 Physical Layer - actual network cable and connectors Layer 2 Data Link Layer - network address (MAC) and packet switching Layer 3 Network Layer - Internet Protocol (IP) - addressing and packet routing Layer 4 Transport Layer - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - packet sequencing & error correction Layer 5 Session Layer - Connection control for repeated send/receive (a session) Layer 6 Presentation Layer - presenting information to application in correct format LAyer 7 Application Layer - actual display/control of information, layout etc. for two computers to communicate -example chat program the following would occur user types into a chat program on computer A (7) application accepts input and decides what to do with it (6) a connection is requested to send to computer B (5) the message is broken into pieces and encpsulated within a packet (which includes the address to send to and the address from which it came) Packets are given a sequence number(4)(3) Packet sent across the network using the addressing information to determine where to go to(3)(2)(1) on Computer B the revers happens - packet is put back together - addressing information is removed and eventually displayed on the screen.
What are types of DMA?
DMA is a mechanism through which a hardware device can transfer data to or from memory without using the processor. The processor is required to set up the transfer, and the device will signal the processor when it has completed the transfer. The advantage of this system is that the processor can perform other tasks while the DMA transfer is being performed. There are several types of DMA used in Windows 2000 and later: ; Common-buffer DMA : Common-buffer DMA is performed when the system can allocate a single buffer that is accessible by both the hardware and the software. The driver is responsible for synchronizing accesses to the buffer. The memory is not cached, making this synchronization easier for the driver. After setting up a common buffer, both the driver and the hardware can write directly to the addresses in the buffer without any intervention from the HAL. ; Packet DMA : Packet DMA is performed when there is a single existing buffer that must be mapped for use by the hardware. An example of using packet DMA is the transfer of a file from memory to a disk. Using common-buffer DMA in this situation would be wasteful, because the file would have to be transferred to the common buffer before the hardware could transfer it to the disk. Instead, the HAL is consulted; it gives the driver the information it needs to help the hardware find the actual buffer in memory. This operation is complicated by the need for the routines involved to work across different architectures. ; Scatter/gather DMA : Scatter/gather DMA is a shortcut method that sets up several packet DMA transfers at once. If you are transferring a packet over the network, for example, each part of the network stack adds its own header (TCP, IP, Ethernet, and so forth). These headers are all allocated from different places in memory. In this case, the scatter/gather DMA saves time by issuing a batch request to the HAL to map each header plus the data segment for access by the hardware. Instead of having to call the packet DMA routines on each part of the packet, this method calls each routine once, and lets the HAL be responsible for mapping each one individually. Note Scatter/gather capability does not mean that the device can use the scatter/gather routines. Scatter/gather capability refers to a flag in the device description that indicates that the device is able to read or write from any area in memory, instead of just a certain range. ; System DMA : System DMA is performed by programming the system DMA controller on the motherboard to do the transfer directly. Only ISA cards can use system DMA.
Types of switching?
packet switching circuit switching message switching
Types of network switching?
there are three types of switching techniques 1) circuit switcching 2) Packet switching 3)Message switching
What is the explanation for the types of Switching systems?
There are three type of switching system such as circuit switching ,packet switching , massage switching.
What is the difference among different types of switching devices?
The difference among different types of switching devices is in the features and the functions that they have. The two main types are packet switching and circuit switching devices.
What network types requires an access point?
Packet-switching
Which option correctly describes a switching method?
A switching method refers to a technique used in networking to manage data traffic between devices efficiently. It determines how data packets are directed within a network, typically through mechanisms like circuit switching, packet switching, or message switching. Packet switching, for example, breaks data into packets that are routed independently, optimizing bandwidth and reducing latency. Overall, switching methods are crucial for ensuring reliable and efficient communication in various types of networks.
What are two types of fixed network delays?
Two types of fixed network delays are transmission delay and propagation delay. Transmission delay is the time it takes to push all the packet's bits into the wire, determined by the packet's size and the bandwidth of the link. Propagation delay, on the other hand, is the time it takes for a signal to travel from the sender to the receiver, which depends on the distance between them and the speed of the signal in the medium. Both delays are constant for a given network configuration.
How many types of switching?
8 billion trillion
What are the types of data transmission?
I) Packet Switching II) Frame relay iii) Fiber Disturbed Data Interference (FDDI) iv) Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) v) Switched Hub Technology vi) Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) T-carrier system
What is the difference between packet and package?
packet are the collection of similar types of things in fixed/small quantity and package is collection of different type of things in huge quantity.
What types of delay are significant in assessing the performance of a packet-switching network?
Propagation delay: The time it takes a signal to propagate from one node to the next. Transmission Time: The time it takes for a transmitter to send out a block of data. Node Delay: The time it takes for a node to perform the necessary processing as it switches the data.
What choices is not one of the four types of packets used by EAP?
EAP, or Extensible Authentication Protocol, primarily uses four types of packets: EAP Request, EAP Response, EAP Success, and EAP Failure. A choice that is not one of these packet types would be an "EAP Acknowledgment" packet, as it does not exist within the standard EAP packet types. Instead, EAP focuses on the exchange of authentication information through requests and responses, culminating in success or failure messages.
