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What are the four distinct actions that a machine instruction can specify?
• The processor fetches the instruction from memory • Program counter (PC) holds address of the instruction to be fetched next • PC is incremented after each fetch • Fetched instruction loaded into instruction register
What is meant by 'test and branch instruction'?
test and branch instruction
What is Operation Code OpCode?
an opcode (operation code) is the portion of a machine language instruction that specifies the operation to be performed. Their specification and format are laid out in the instruction set architecture of the processor in question (which may be a general CPU or a more specialized processing unit). Apart from the opcode itself, an instruction normally also has one or more specifiers foroperands (i.e. data) on which the operation should act, although some operations may have implicit operands, or none at all. There are instruction sets with nearly uniform fields for opcode and operand specifiers, as well as others (the x86architecture for instance) with a more complicated, varied length structure.by: HerLoyd
Which instruction set is used by the itaniums processors?
EPIC, which stands for Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing.
What is the term that describes the methodology by which the CPU begins running a new instruction before it finishes with the current instruction?
pipelining
Definition of instruction length it has something to do with computer?
what is instruction length and what is instruction format and what is program length and what is the difference among them
What factor help in deciding the length of instruction format?
the number of bits required to represent an instruction of a cpu is known as length of the instruction or known as instruction.
What is a instruction format that illustrates a task using pictures?
diagram
What are the important instruction set design issues?
# Operation repertoire: How many and which operations to provide, and how complex operations should be # Data types: The various types of data upon which operations are performed # Instruction format: Instruction length (in bits), number of addresses, size of various fields, and so on. # Registers: Number of CPU registers that can be referenced by instructions, and their use. # Addressing: The mode or modes by which the address of an operand is specified
What is a addressing modes?
addressing mode is used to form an instruction format.
What is instruction format in computer architecture?
The connection between the hardware and software components of a computer creates the computer architecture. It is basically how the components are connected to form a complete system. Sir Frederick P. Brooks and Sir Lyle R. Johnson presented the idea of computer architecture in 1959. A set of operating codes, operands, an opcode, and an addressing mode make an instruction. The instruction format is the standard instruction format that is directly used by the CPU. The instruction format is just the sequence of bits (0,1). The group of these bits is called a field. Each field of the system provides specific information for a particular task to the CPU about the instruction's operation and the instruction's data. The most fundamental difficulty in format design is instruction length. The longer the command will, take longer the time to fetch it. The types of Fields are discussed below: Operation Field: It specifies the operations that are performed by the instructions like, ADD, SUB, etc. It can be any value or number on which the task has been performed. Operation field is mandatory for every instructor Address Field: It specifies the address of the operand. It refers to the address where the operand is stored. On the basis of multiple address fields, the instruction is categorised as follows: Zero address instruction: The operand positions are implicitly represented in zero address instructions. The stack-organized computer system supports these commands. One address instruction: This instruction manipulates data with the help of an implicit accumulator. Accumulator is a register that performs a logical process for the CPU. It uses one address field. Two address instructions: This address instruction is mostly used. This address command format has three operand fields. In the two address sections, registers or memory addresses can be used. Three address instructions: A three-address command must contain three operand components in its format. These three fields could be registers or memory locations. The instruction pipeline in computer architecture The instruction pipeline in computer architecture shows the system's instruction flow. It has 4 major segments, which are discussed below. Segment 1: The instruction fetch part can be performed using first in, first out (FIFO) buffers. Segment 2: The second section decodes the memory-fetched command before the effective location is computed in a different arithmetic circuit. Segment 3: The input is fetched from memory. Segment 4: The execution of the instructions is performed. Some of the features of instruction are : Addressing model: This is the first part of the instruction format. Data over the instruction format can be represented as an addressing format, and data is stored in the computer's memory or in the CPU's register OPCODE(operation code): This is the second part of the instruction format, and the opcode instructs the processor to perform the desired operation. Operand: Depending upon the processor instruction format, it contains zero to three operands, and this part specifies the data or points to the address of the data.
Different types of instruction set architecture?
RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computer CISC - Comples Instruction Set Computer
What are the main types of MPUs?
The two major types of MPUs are CISCs (complex instruction set computing) and RISCs (reduced instruction set computing).
What are the two types of instruction execution?
The two types of instruction execution are pipelining and not pipelining. Pipelining involves breaking down instruction execution into multiple stages that can overlap, improving efficiency. Not pipelining involves executing one instruction at a time without overlapping stages.
Types of instruction format of 8085?
The 8085 instruction set is classified into three groups according to its Word size. They are 1. One word /1 byte instructions 2. Two word / 2 byte instructions 3. Three word / 3 byte instructions
What type of instruction format illustrates that one or more decisions needs to be made?
check list
What are the advantages of using a variable length instruction format?
One of its advantage is to save storage space.
