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Many programs use wait functions to run, whether they check something every second or store the duration of an action. Other functions may need to run a pin high for a certain length of time. All of these require an accurate and consistent time keeping mechanism to run off of.

Remember, the microcontroller will not be connected to a computer while it is running, so it will not be able to access the computer's clock. It needs its own.

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Q: What is the purpose of the main clock oscillator in a micro-controller system?
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