VLAN's, or virutal local area networks, appear at the application level or Level 7 o the OSI model. VLAN's use tagging or pot+tagging to route traffic to and from a specific area (like a specific departement in a business). VLAN technology relies on ethernet connectivity throughout the network it functions on (a more ubiquitious medium than standard trunking and TCIP, etc).
VLAN's require an edge switch to tag the outgoing traffic and recieve the incomming traffic and allows you to prioritize traffic (tagged v/s untagged) so you can provide services like ip telephony, video sessions, SIP, etc.
Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
Layer 3
Network Layer
FTP operates in application layer of ISO OSI layered model.
Switches / Bridges and hubs work at data link layer, but there are layer three switches which operate at network layer. Dhruv
Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
Hubs are a physical layer (layer 1) device; most switches operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
Layer 3
1. Repeaters (Operate at the OSI Physical Layer).2. Bridges (Operate at the OSI Data Link Layer).3. Routers {and Brouters} (Operate at the OSI Network Layer).
Repeaters operate at the physical layer of the OSI model.
The NIC operates on Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI Model.
Router works in Network Layer of OSI model
Network Layer
Layer 2 - Data Link
All layers.
Layer 5 - Session layer
ODBC and SQL operate at Session Layer.