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What destination IP address will PC1 place in the header for a packet destined for PC2?
A data packet is split into three parts: The header, the payload and the trailer.The header contains the basic instructions about the data packet which should include:The packet lengthSynchronization (a few check bits to match up to the network)Originating IP Address (i.e. PC 1)Destination IP Address (i.e. PC 2)ProtocolPacket numberThe payload is the main body of data that is being sent. The size of the data can be a fixed length or a variable amount. If it is a fixed length, then this can be padded with blank data, so that each packet remains the same size.The trailer or footer contains data that tells the destination computer that it has reached the end of the packet. The trailer may also contain error checking information. This will tell the receiving computer to tell the originating source that the information was received.
Differences between IPV4 header and IPV6 header?
Figure 1 IPv4 Header Figure 2 IPv6 Header One feature of IPv6 that immediately comes to our mind is huge address space. This refers to the fact that, among many elements shown in Figure 1 and 2, the Source Address and the Destination Address has each been expanded from 32 bits to 128 bits. If you just think in terms of pure combination of numbers, there used to be 232 possible ways to represent addresses, but now there are 2128 possible ways to represent them. However, if you compare Figures 1 and 2 again, you will realize that although IPv6 uses four times more digits to express the addresses of the source and the destination, length of the header has not increased much from that of IPv4. This is because header format has been simplified in IPv6. You can see that among many elements (called "field") shown in Figure 1, those shown in red do not exist in Figure 2. One of the important changes is that there is no Options field in Figure 2. In IPv4, Options field can be used to add information about various optional services. For example, information related to encryption can be added here. Because of this, the length of the IPv4 header changes according to the situations. Due to this difference in length, routers that control communications according to the information in the IP header can't judge the length of the header just by looking at the beginning of the packet. This makes it difficult to speed up packet processing with hardware assist. On the other hand, IPv6 moves information related to additional services to a section called extension header. The part shown in Figure 2 is called basic header. Therefore, for plain packets, IP header length is fixed to 40 bytes. In terms of making it easier to process packets with hardware, you can say that IPv6 can be accelerated much easier than IPv4. Another field that exists in Figure 1 but is absent from Figure 2 is the Header Checksum field. A Header Checksum is a number used to check for errors in header information, and is calculated using the numbers in the header. However, problem with this approach is that header contains a number called TTL (Time To Live), which changes every time the packet goes through a router. Because of this, Header Checksum must be recalculated every time the packet goes through a router. If we can free up routers from this type of calculations, we could reduce the delay. Actually, TCP layer that resides above IP layer checks errors of various information including sender address and destination address. Since performing same calculations at the IP layer is redundant and unnecessary, Header Checksum is removed from IPv6. Figure 1 contains 8bit field called "Service Type". This field is used to represent the priority of the packet, for example whether it should be delivered express or with normal speed, and allows communication devices to handle the packet accordingly. Service Type field is composed of TOS (Type of Service) field and Precedence field. TOS field specifies the type of service and contains cost, reliability, throughput, delay, or security. Precedence field specifies the level of priority using eight levels from 0 to 7. IPv6 provides the same function with a field called Traffic Class. Flow Label field has a 20 bits length, and is a field newly established for IPv6. By using this field, packet's sender or intermediate devices can specify a series of packets, such as Voice over IP, as a flow, and request particular service for this flow. Even in the world of IPv4, some communication devices are equipped with the ability to recognize traffic flow and assign particular priority to each flow. However, these devices not only need to check the IP layer information such as address of the sender and the destination, but also need to check the port number which is an information that belongs to a higher layer. Flow Label field attempts to put together all these necessary information and provide them at the IP layer. However, specifics on how to use it is still undecided. As we have seen in this article, IPv6 aims to provide intelligent transmission framework that is easy to handle for intermediate devices by keeping the basic header simple and fixed length.
What are the characteristics of a desirable scientist?
He should be alert and be organised all the time.He should not be careless as there might be mistakes made, eg. using wrong chemicals as a result of unmarked beakers etc.He should also be humble and interested in the work he is doing. What he is doing should be for the good of humans and not just the scientist himself.He ought to be persistent and be willing to spend time for through research and try again and again before getting an answer to his research questions. He should never give up.He should be honest and carry out an honest research which is done by him or her self.
Why would you want to map an ip address to a dlci?
When the router wants to send traffic to an IP address across a Frame Relay link, it needs to tell the frame switch which PVC the traffic should traverse. A frame switch drops any traffic it receives that has no DLCI in the header, because it has no way of determining how to route the data.
What are the pieces of communication in UDP called?
UDP, or User Datagram Protocol is a very simple communication protocol. It is a part of the Transport Layer of the OSI model - the same as the well known TCP. UDP is very straight forward, containing very few features. There is no hand shaking, no security, no ordering of packets and very little error detection (if any at all). The structure of a UDP packet is as follows: Bits 0-15: Source Port Number (optional - leave as all zeros if unused) Bits 16-31: Destination Port Number Bits 32-47: The length of the entire UDP datagram (note that the maximum size is 2^16-1) Bits 48-63: The checksum (optional under IPv4 - leave as all zeros if unused) Bits 64-??: The actual data. About the checksum: this is the confusing part about UDP. When a checksum is computed, the UDP software creates a fake header to include in the checksum calculation - but this fake header is not actually transmitted. The structure of this fake header (officially called the "pseudo header") is: For IPv4: Bits 0-31: Source IP address (taken from the IP header) Bits 32-63: Destination IP address (taken from the IP header) Bits 64-71: Reserved - leave as all zeros Bits 72-79: Protocol (taken from the IP header) Bits 80-95: Length (taken from the UDP datagram) Bits 96-??: The UDP datagram described above. For IPv6: Bits 0-127: Source IP address Bits 128-255: Destination IP Address Bits 256-287: Length Bits 288-311: Reserved (leave as all zeros) Bits 312-319: Next header Bits 320-???: The UDP datagram described above NOTES: -this is only the structure of the UDP packet - and does not include the IP header. -Since it is possible for the checksum to end up as 0, the standard dictates that a checksum of zero be changed to 0xFFFF in order not to confuse with a checksum field which is disabled. This is true even under IPv6, where the checksum MUST be used. A checksum field value of zero is an error and the datagram should be discarded. -UDP makes no guarantees that the datagram will arrive, nor does it make any guarantees about the order that the datagram arrives in. If the user wants these features, then these will need to be implemented by the applications using UDP to communicate, or use a different communication protocol such as TCP.
Should payload specialist be capitalized?
No, "payload specialist" should not be capitalized unless it is at the beginning of a sentence or part of a title that requires capitalization.
Should your header and footer be the same?
No they should not.
How should securely transport company information on a removable media?
You should encrypt the data and password protect it.
How you should securely transport company information on a removable media?
You should encrypt the data and password protect it.
How should you securely transport company information on removable media?
You should encrypt the data and password protect it.
Should high temp RTV be used on header gaskets?
No, header gaskets don't need any sealers on them.
What should be the header file for printf?
# include <stdio.h>
What should be header file for printf?
#include <stdio.h>
What type packet should never have a payload?
depends on the protocol. which are you referring to?
What are the torque specs for Ford Focus zetec header bolts?
The Ford focus header bolt torque specification is 90 pounds. The header bolts should be torqued in 45 pound intervals.
Noun form desirable?
The word 'desirable' is both an adjective and a noun.The noun 'desirable' is a word for a coveted person or thing.The noun forms of the adjective 'desirable' are desirabilty and desireableness.The word 'desirable' is the adjective form of the noun desire.
How do you insert a time stamp in a header or footer?
There is an icon on the "header and footer" menu. It should be the fifth from the left and it looks like yellow clock.
