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In simple terms a single processor can only process one machine instruction at a time; it's just not possible to execute two or more instructions simultaneously and therefore not possible to execute 2 programs simultaneously.

However, it's not quite as simple as that because a modern processor can have 2 or more cores, in which case it is possible to execute 2 or more instructions simultaneously. However, that's not quite the same thing as executing 2 programs simultaneously as we invariably execute far more threads of execution than we have cores available.

Note that a program consists of one or more processes and a process consists of one or more threads of execution. Although it is theoretically possible to execute two threads simultaneously upon two cores, when those cores share the same processor they also share the same L2 cache and that's really only beneficial when both threads share the same process. With 2 independent processors there's a better chance of simultaneous program execution, however it's nigh on impossible to guarantee this unless the system is specifically designed for that purpose. In a multi-processing, multi-threaded environment, task-switching makes it next to impossible for any two independent programs to execute simultaneously because every thread has to yield to waiting threads.

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7y ago
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9y ago

A single CPU can only physically execute one instruction at a time. Thus all instructions must be executed concurrently, regardless of how many processes are running and how many threads of execution each process has. With multiple CPUs, two or more processes can execute simultaneously. If a process has two or more threads, they can also execute simultaneously, unless the process has an affinity towards a specific CPU, in which case the threads run concurrently while the processes run simultaneously.

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15y ago

it depends on the processor speed a fast processor (eg.4GHz) would be able to do far more than 2 programs

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Q: Why cant a single computer processor execute two or more programs simultaneously?
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