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Why is input waveform from a transformer altered from a pure sine wave?
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
The input waveform from a transformer is altered from a pure sine wave because the load is not purely resistive, meaning in this case that it is not "continuous". Many loads do not pull current "all the time" during each line cycle. A power supply, for instance, only pulls current when the filter capacitor is being charged by the rectifier. This is because the rectifier biases on to charge the capacitor to the peak value of the input waveform, then the capacitor discharges at a rate dependent on load while the rectifier is biased off, until the voltage intersects the next rising input wave. This means the current load on the transformer is actually pulsing on and off. (This is true for both linear and switching power supplies, although you can reduce the pulsing with appropriate inductance in the filter circuit and a more complex design.) Since the AC supply is not "perfect", i.e. having a Thevanin equivalent series resistance of more than zero ohms, along with cables that do not have zero ohms, along with Transformers that are not "perfect", this pulsing current induces a pulsing deviation in the input AC waveform. This effect can be observed even without a transformer in the circuit, but transformers make it more measureable, because the transformers introduce additional "inperfection".
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
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