Yes, although they are not always done in the same way, and one may be better at one thing than the other.
You don't run macOS applications on Linux unless there's a Linux port. As far as Windows goes, there is Wine. Do note that it's not an emulator and it won't run perfectly with everything.
Pretty much everything is faster in Linux than in Windows. The Windows programmers need to prove to their bosses that they are doing the right thing, but the Linux programmers only need to prove to their peers that they are doing the right thing when they make improvements. Linux has things like zero-copy networking, which are not widely implemented in the Windows kernel(s).
Preemptive (both Windows and Linux).
Two operating systems are; Windows, and Linux.
Linux is considered to be more secure than Windows.
Vista Home Premium : Not Linux! Get linux! Vista Business : Not Linux! Get linux!
There is no such thing as "Windows Linux." Linux is not a version of Windows and has nothing at all to do with Windows. They are two totally completely different operating systems made by completely different people.
Windows is better for desktop computers. Linux is better for servers.
PHP with Linux is completely different, since everything is free (Linux, Apache, Mysql, FileZila, PHP, etc.). Linux is also way more stable for production use, since it's regularly updated (at least once a months, for certain distribution). Remember, the Internet runs on Linux, mostly CentOS and RedHat.However, windows is way more compatible with everyday applications. The best would be to have a development computer running Linux (buy an old, use computer, install Linux on it), and have an everyday Windows computer.
Windows, Linux, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, the list is huge!
Linux
* Windows: Everything is presented to user graphically * Mac OSX * Linux running xWindows