upward compatibility in system terms refers to the compatibility of an existing version of a software or hardware with the newer and most of the times more powerful updated versions...For example, a program that runs on an Intel 386 microprocessor, also runs on a Pentium, is upward compatible... this is quite an advantage as is obvious... whereas the reverse is downward compatibilty...
Upward, downward and lateral
Upward communication is with your boss. Downward is with the people who work for you Horizontal is with your peers at your same level
Upward communication is with your boss. Downward is with the people who work for you Horizontal is with your peers at your same level
Downward communication is more prevalent because in this type of communication we have to give orders and instructions to our sub-ordinates. So we have to explain each and every step that is going to help in work.But in upward communication they sub-ordinates do not have to give instructions the their Head..
Communication can be categorized into formal and informal communication. The three types of formal communication are horizontal communication, upward communication and downward communication.
The conflict between the management and the union are basically depend upon two factors . They are 1. Upward to downward communication and , 2. Downward to upward communication...this two are the main rigid factors which the management as well as the unions have to face.
Downward communication involves the flow of information from higher levels of an organization to lower levels, such as when a manager provides instructions or feedback to their team. Upward communication, on the other hand, is when information flows from lower levels of an organization to higher levels, like when employees give feedback or share concerns with their supervisors. For example, a CEO announcing a new company policy to all employees is an example of downward communication, while employees providing suggestions for improvement to their managers is an example of upward communication.
Downward communication flows from higher levels of management to lower levels, providing guidance, instructions, and feedback. Upward communication involves employees sharing feedback, ideas, and concerns with higher-level management. Horizontal communication occurs between individuals or departments at the same level in the organizational hierarchy, facilitating collaboration and coordination.
UPWARD UPWARD UPWARD
Upward.
The upward and the downward bias refers to the overestimation or overstatement by a statistical measure of a given event.
downward