no
New Macs all have the same software installed. If you are referring to Garageband (See links below) then yes both the MacBook and MacBook Pro have it installed.
Yes. It comes with Boot Camp pre-installed.
MacBook Pro does not come with eSATA support. If you have MacBook Pro with ExpressCard support, you can get adapter which would allow you to use eSATA. Note: Latest MacBook Pro laptops do not come even with ExpressCard support. Firewire is the fastest available option right now (2010).
It is an option.
A lithium ion battery installed at the factory that cannot be replaced by the user.
MacBook Pro is the best you can get
The $1,199 13" Macbook Pro comes with a 500 GB hard drive. The $1,499 13" Macbook Pro come with a 750 GB hard drive. The 15" models come with the same amount.
MacBook Pro!
The macbook pro!
The hard drive should install and format just fine. However, if you're looking to use the pre-installed Mac OS X and software from the newer MacBook Pro on the older MacBook, it probably won't work well, if at all.
Much like PC's when you purchase them, Macs do not come with software that is not designed by the maker of the computer installed unless a special request is made. Adobe PhotoShop does not come pre-installed in MacBook Pro's, mainly because of the cost factor involved. Adobe PhotoShop is rather expensive for most home users and having it installed in machines that will be distributed to regular users as well is not a suitable option as having it installed will bump up the price. I suggest you purchase PhotoShop separately and install it onto your MacBook Pro, purchasing it in the box is also better because it will come with printed instructions and a CD-ROM that you can use to install it again if you restore your laptop.