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An email has three basic parts:

  • The header, a set of lines containing information about the message's transportation, such as the sender's address, the recipient's address, or timestamps showing when the message was sent by intermediary servers to the transport agents (MTAs), which act as a mail sorting office. The header begins with a From line and is changed each time it passes through an intermediary server. Using headers, you can see the exact path taken by the email, and how long it took each server to process.
  • The message proper, made up of the two following elements:
    • the header fields, a set of lines describing the message's settings, such as the sender, the recipient, the date, etc. Each one has the following form: Name: Value An email includes at least the three following headers:
      • From: The sender's email address
      • To: The recipient's email address
      • Date: The date when the email was sent
      It may contain the following optional fields:
      • Received: Various information about the intermediary servers and the date when the message was processed.
      • Reply-To: A reply address.
      • Subject: The message's subject
      • Message-ID: A unique identification for the message.
  • the message body, containing the message, separated from the header by a line break.

An email is made up of lines of displayable 7-bit US-ASCII characters. Each line has at most 76 characters, for compatibility reasons, and ends with the characters CRLF (\r\n).

Every email message has two parts: the header and the body (the main text of the message). The header initially contains the electronic mail address of the recipient, and usually a subject line which you provide when you write the message. Mail headers may also include other information like additional email addresses to which a copy is to be sent. By the time the message arrives at its destination, its header automatically includes further information like the email address of the sender and the time of sending.

The body is the main text of the message, and may also include attachments.

Most mail programs allow you to create a signature which can be automatically added to the end of every mail message you send. Conventionally a signature should not exceed four lines in length.

The principal elements of the mail header are normally the date, the To: address, the From: address and the Subject: line. Other header elements you may want to set include:

  • Cc: a list of addresses to which the mail is to be copied
  • Bcc: a list of addresses for "blind" copies (the recipient does not see this list)
  • Reply-To: the default address for replies, if different from the From: address
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13y ago

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