Utilities are external programs - they reside in various directories. To enable them, make sure the directory path is in your $PATH variable so it can find them. Likewise, to disable them make sure the directory path is not in your $PATH variable for the shell.
Utilities are programs that can run or execute. Commands are slightly different than utilities. Command refers to the name of the program and any arguments you specify to that program to change its behavior.
Ifconfig
A list of internal/builtin commands is available for each shell environment by looking at the 'man' entry. Anything not listed there is either an alias or an external command.
Depends on what you mean by a "gnu" file, since utilities are common across Unix platforms including HPUX. Need more information.
Kernel (internal/privileged) Kernel API Low-level system libraries System utilities Application-level libraries User utilities/applications .............................................by nc paul
The Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA)For a UNIX or Linux client, SUA creates a multiuser environment complete with commands, case-sensitive abilities, programming tools, shells (runtime environments), and scripts. With SUA installed, even UNIX/Linux programs can be ported over to Windows Server 2008.
With the standard utilities of Unix you can compare up to 3 files line by line (using the diff3 utility). If you want anything more than that you will need to write a program or use a scripting language such as Perl to create a report.
Machine-independence: The System hides the machine architecture from the user, making it easier to write applications that can run on micros, mins and mainframes. Multi-User Operations: UNIX is a multi-user system designed to support a group of users simultaneously. The system allows for the sharing of processing power and peripheral resources, white at the same time providing excellent security features. Hierarchical File System: UNIX uses a hierarchile file structure to store information. This structure has the maximum flexibility in grouping information in a way that reflects its natural state. It allows for easy maintenance and efficient implementation. UNIX shell: UNIX has a simple user interface called the shell that has the power to provide the services that the user wants. It protects the user from having to know the intricate hardware details. Pipes and Filters: UNIX has facilities called Pipes and Filters which permit the user to create complex programs from simple programs. Utilities: UNIX has over 200 utility programs for various functions. New utilities can be built effortlessly by combining existing utilities. Software Development Tools: UNIX offers an excellent variety of tools for software development for all phases, from program editing to maintenance of software.
Yes, or you can use the extended ACL permissions on most systems as well.
Unix is a classification of operating systems that conform to a certain specification, based on that of the original Unix operating system created by AT&T. Systems certified as Unix can differ drastically, but must meet at least certain common elements. Solaris is an implementation of Unix created by Sun Microsystems. Linux is a family of operating systems based on a kernel written by Linus Torvalds. It shares some design goals and similarities with Unix, but has several advanced features and is not completely compatible with Unix. Legally, for a system to be described as "Unix", it must undergo a certification process. No Linux distribution has ever undergone this (very expensive) certification process to make it compliant with Unix standards. Solaris uses older, POSIX-compliant utilities. Linux typically uses GNU utilities, which are generally compatible, but have different command switches and more features. This is beginning to change with the OpenSolaris project, which incorporates many GNU utilities. Solaris and Linux both have features that the other lacks, and are not found in other Unix implementations either. These include DTRace and the ZFS file system (in Solaris) and dynamically loadable kernel modules and epoll (in Linux).
Unix utilities such as dd can create a bit-by-bit image of an entire drive. Commercial disk cloning software may feature the ability to create drive images as well.
The ones that are listed as part of a standard (such as Posix) will work in all UNIX systems (but not all systems, such as Windows command prompt). A lot of UNIX vendors add commands that only work in their version of UNIX, so they aren't as portable across systems as others.