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Grains, such as wheat, are selected based upon size, moisture percentage, protein content and lack of the presence of contaminants. The grain is then cleaned to remove unwanted contaminants. The essence of puffing is to gelatinize the starch present in the grain in a hot pressure chamber and then suddenly release the pressure. This causes the grain to expand to several times it's original size. The pressure chamber is sometimes referred to as the "gun" and releasing the pressure is sometimes referred to as "firing the gun." The expanded grain, also known as "berries," are separated from loose or broken kernels. To the berries, vitamins and other minerals are then added. The fortified berries are hot air oven dried to reduce the moisture and to obtain a predetermined puffed grain size.

Puffed dough processed cereals or other extruded grain dough cereals are made in a similar manner to the aforementioned methods. First, dry ingredients, including vitamins and minerals, are hydrated into a flow-able paste. The dough or paste is placed in an extruder where it is put under heat and pressure. Dies are used to shape the dough. Air may optionally be injected if a lighter or less dense processed cereal puff is desired. For example, Cheerios.RTM. are a heavier oat dough puffed processed cereal and Rice Crispies.RTM. are a lighter rice dough puffed processed cereal. Further, other extruded dough cereals include such things as nuggets which are more dense and Shredded Wheats.

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