In the boot parameters of your bootloader, you specify it with the text root=/path/to/device or a unique UUID name.
the sign for root partition in linux is : /
A "root partition" is a partition that contains the subdirectories that make up a Linux or Unix file system, such as /bin, /usr, and /dev.
The root directory is indicated by a "/'. You can navigate to the root directory using the command 'cd /'.
/boot is where the Linux kernel images, as well as parts of the bootloader are stored. The "root" is simply the uppermost directory in a Unix/Linux file system. Any directory that is not given it's own partition will be placed as a subdirectory in the file system on the "root" partition. Assuming you gave a partition to /etc, /bin, /boot, /usr, and so on, you wouldn't need a "root" partition at all.
Different installers have slightly different ways of doing things. The basic idea is to specify a partition as the "mount point" for / . That will create the system on that partition.
"/" is the root directory in Linux. Make sure not to confuse this with the "/root" directory, which is the home directory for the user "root" (similar to "Administrator" on Windows)
82 => Linux swap / Solaris 83 => Linux ext2 & ext3 85 => Linux Extended partition
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as root: df -h to see the disks and partitions mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 Where sdb1 is the disk and partition you want to format. This will format sdb1 partition to ext3.
Linux will not delete a partition unless you tell it to. If you have accidentally deleted a partition, but have not written to the disk, you may be able to restore most or all of the data that was on it. The program "testdisk", found on many Linux LiveCDs and partition editors, can restore the deleted partition flags.
You can't resize a mounted partition, so you can't resize the root file system while the installed copy of Linux is running. To resize it, you should use a LiveCD like GParted that contains a partition editor.
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