/boot is where the Linux kernel images, as well as parts of the bootloader are stored. The "root" is simply the uppermost directory in a Unix/Linux file system. Any directory that is not given it's own partition will be placed as a subdirectory in the file system on the "root" partition. Assuming you gave a partition to /etc, /bin, /boot, /usr, and so on, you wouldn't need a "root" partition at all.
This is dependent on your OS. Windows: 'C:\, C:\system' *nix:; /, /bin, /root, or /boot Mac: ?dont know? Usually this will be in the first physical partition(boot partition).
In the boot parameters of your bootloader, you specify it with the text root=/path/to/device or a unique UUID name.
Bootsect.dos
I assume that you mean increase the partition size of the OS. 1. Boot into a liveCD 2. Start GParted or QtParted 3. Expand the partition
By default, the dump file is placed in the root of the boot drive (i.e., the partition or volume where the main Windows folder resides) and given the name MEMORY.DMP.
the sign for root partition in linux is : /
A "root partition" is a partition that contains the subdirectories that make up a Linux or Unix file system, such as /bin, /usr, and /dev.
Boot.ini
It doesn't create anything automatically - it usually creates them based on how the user wants it to be configured. For the most part, you will have around 2-3 partitions for a basic "everything in one partition" setup (a /boot partition, optionally an ESP if you are using UEFI, and a root partition).
Short Answer: No. Long Answer: Maybe, if you know what you are doing, but why would you want to? It would be more work than fixing any problem that this could conceivably solve.
root partition
This generally isn't an issue for modern computers; you can place the partition anywhere you like. With the way many modern hard drives are mapped, it doesn't even make a difference for performance reasons. The reason why it mattered in older systems was that the BIOS could only access up to a certain amount of the hard drive. To boot Linux, you would need to place the kernel within the area addressable by the BIOS. This could be within the first 528 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 8 GB, or 127 GB, depending on the age of the system. As of 2002, the addressable limit has been raised to something like 4 PB, so you needn't worry about it again for a long time.