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In order to transfer information across the internet, a computer needs to first know the IP address (Internet Protocol - A postcode, if you would) of the computer that will bereceiving the data. Then the information is bundled intopackets, little packages of data with the IP address, other addressing and error-checking data and the actual information that is being sent. Then, these packets are sent down to your ISP (Internet service provider). From there it travels along the quickest path it can, across multiple networks, major servers, etc. (i.e. it goes across the Internet by the path it can find) until it reaches the computer it is intended to go to. The multiple routers and other pieces of network hardware help to 'point' the packet to the correct computer (this is where the IP address comes in.)

For more info, here's a helpful link
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question525.htm

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