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256.

Here we have 8 bits...

00000000 or 11111111 or anything in between.

If we have 11111111 this is essentially 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128

This adds up to 255. But wait....0 can represent something as well...255 + 1 = 256

However, in practice, 256 characters are never used for 8 bits. The theoretical maximum is indeed 256, however the ASCII (American Standards Code for Information Interchange) standard dictates that the first bit is to be used for something called parity. This is a small check to make sure that the correct code has been transmitted. For example, if there was the following transmission:

Character: @ASCII

ASCII Code: 06410

Binary: 010000002

However, there was electronic interference...

Interference: 000000012

Result:

00000001 = 110

01000000 = 6410

----------------------

01000001 = 6510

Character: AASCII

If this was an email address, instead of being john.smith@microsoft.com, it would now be john.smithAmicrosoft.com, which could be fatal for any communications.

Thus, parity is used... a parity bit is the very first bit of the binary octet. The rules are a bit hazy here, but let's just say that if it's 1, then the result must be even, and if it is 0, then the result is odd. This means that the signal would be:

Character: @ASCII

ASCII Code: 06410

Binary: 110000002

Interference: 000000012

Result:

110000012

Since there is a parity bit, the computer knows that there must have been a transmission error: 65 is not even.

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