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Colossus, the world's first programmable digital computer, was programmed using a series of plugboards and switches to configure its circuits for specific tasks. It utilized a system of Boolean logic and was primarily designed to break encrypted German messages during World War II. Operators would set up the machine for different cryptographic algorithms by manually adjusting connections and using punched tape to input data, allowing Colossus to perform complex calculations efficiently. Its programming was a precursor to modern computing techniques, blending hardware configuration with algorithmic processes.

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Colossus was programmed by instructions punched on a roll of paper tape.


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The colossus of Rhodes WAS in the city of Rhodes


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Black Colossus was created in 1933.


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The earliest programmable electronic digital computers (Colossus & ENIAC) were programmed by rewiring them with plugable cables and wires, and setting large numbers of switches by hand. It was a very tedious, time consuming, and highly error prone process. It was always done by women, as it was considered just a clerical task and a waste of the male mathematician's time.