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The programming model of the 8086 through the Pentium II’s considered to be program visible because its registers are used during application programming and are specified by the instruc­tions. Other registers, detailed later in this chapter, are considered to be program invisible be­cause they are not addressable directly during applications programming, but may be used indirectly during system programming. Only the 80286 and above contain the program-invisible registers used to control and operate the protected memory system.

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