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What are the Differences between program invisible registers and program visible registers?
The programming model of the 8086 through the Pentium II’s considered to be program visible because its registers are used during application programming and are specified by the instructions. Other registers, detailed later in this chapter, are considered to be program invisible because they are not addressable directly during applications programming, but may be used indirectly during system programming. Only the 80286 and above contain the program-invisible registers used to control and operate the protected memory system.
What is a program visible register?
the registers that are used during programming and are specified directly by the instructions.
Does memory hold program instructions and data immediatley before or after the registers?
yes
Why are programme counter and stack pointer register 16 bit registers?
The program counter (PC) and stack pointer (SP) registers are 16-bit registers in the 8085 and in the 8086/8088 because that is how Intel designed the processors.
What is program visible register?
the registers that are used during programming and are specified directly by the instructions.
What are Base and Limit registers?
Base and Limit registers are hardware registers used in computer systems to define the memory range that a program can access. The Base register stores the starting memory address of a program, while the Limit register stores the size of the memory range that the program can access relative to the base address. This mechanism helps prevent programs from accessing memory outside of their allocated range, enhancing system security and stability.
Write a note on control status registers and program status word?
yar pls koi to answer likkhooo...
What is the difference between caller save and callee save registers in terms of their impact on program performance and efficiency?
Caller save registers are saved and restored by the calling function, while callee save registers are saved and restored by the called function. Caller save registers can lead to faster function calls but may require more instructions to save and restore values. Callee save registers can lead to slower function calls but may result in better overall program efficiency by reducing the need for saving and restoring values frequently.
When interrupts occur which registers are pushed and popped from the stack?
The registers that are pushed and popped from the stack during interrupt servicing depend on the processor architecture and whether or not a specific register is used by the service routine. Automatically pushed and popped registers include the program counter, flags, and (often) the accumulator. Manually pushed and popped registers include any others that are used, i.e. modified, by the routine. Some programmers push and pop all registers, but that can be unnecessary and wasteful (of time) if some registers are not modified.
2 Explain the register Organization of Zilog 28000?
Z8000 consists of sixteen 16-bit general purpose registers, which can be used for data, address and indexing. The designers of this machines felt that it was useful to provide a regularized, general set of registers than to save instruction bits by using special purpose registers. Further the way the functions are assigned to these registers is the responsibility of the programmer. There might be different functional breakdown for different applications.A segmented address space 7-bit is used. It uses 7-bit segment number and a 16-bit offest. It uses two registers to hold a single address. There are two other registers called stack pointers that are necessary for stack module. One register used for system mode and one for normal mode.Z8000 consists of five other registers that are related to program status. Two registers hold the program counter and two registers hold the address of a program status area in the memory. A 16-bit flag register called Flag control word holds various flags status and control bits.
What units in a computer normally employ a register?
Arithmetic Logic Unit, usually contains registers for storing operands and results.Control Unit, contains registers for the program counter, and current instruction, may contain other registers like a program status word (PSW) register, subroutine return address register, stack pointer register, branch condition code register, etc. depending on the architecture.Memory Unit, may contain a memory address register (MAR) and a memory data register (MDR) on some architectures it may contain memory management registers to control memory mapping, memory protection, virtual memory, etc.Input/Output Units, contains data input and data output registers, may also contain port configuration control registers, port status registers, direct memory access (DMA) registers, data channel management registers, etc.In other words, all units in a computer normally contain and employ at least one register. Some of these registers are directly visible to the programmer, but others are hidden and managed entirely by the hardware (e.g. the program counter and current instruction registers in the Control Unit).
What are signals that inform the Operating System that something has happened?
Messages or values in registers. Messages are passed between programs and the operating system to tell something else what to do. For example, when you click on a program, the computer does not directly run the program's code. The operating system receives a message telling it to run the specified program and does so. It makes note of this in internal registers, which keep track of what program is executing and what line of code is being executed.
