in windows XP
No. Windows NT had it's own kernel and bootloader.
Yes.
In Windows NT, executive refers to the operating system code that runs in kernel mode.
The kernel in Unix-based operating systems like Linux is called the "Linux kernel." In Windows Vista, the kernel is known as the "Windows NT kernel." Each kernel serves as the core component of the operating system, managing system resources, providing essential services, and facilitating communication between software and hardware components.
Windows NT uses protection mechanism called rings provides by the process to implement separation between the user mode and kernel mode.
"MINWIN" is what the new windows 7 kernel is referred to as it is essentially a refined version of the NT kernel that Vista and xp all run on.
In Windows NT a mutant provides kernel mode or user mode mutual exclusion with the notion of ownership.
The NT kernel is the core component of the Windows operating system, responsible for managing system resources, hardware abstraction, and providing essential services like memory management, process scheduling, and security. It operates in a hybrid mode, combining features of both microkernel and monolithic kernel architectures. The NT system encompasses the entire Windows NT family, including various versions of Windows, and provides a platform for application development and system functionality, ensuring compatibility and stability across different hardware configurations.
In Windows NT 4.0, a subsystem is a component that provides a specific interface for applications to interact with the operating system's kernel. Each subsystem allows applications designed for different environments, such as Windows GUI or POSIX, to run on NT by translating their system calls into a format that the kernel can understand. Notably, the Windows NT 4.0 architecture includes multiple subsystems, enabling compatibility with various types of applications, thus enhancing its versatility and functionality.
Windows 95 and 98 is based on the Windows 4.x Kernel. Windows 2000 and XP is baed on the NT Kernel. XP sports a different GUI compared to 95982000, this is the main difference between windows 2000/98 and XP.
The Windows XP Architecture uses both Kernel Mode and User Mode. The kernel mode is the layer of the operating system's code that is responsible for handling such fundamental operating system items as virtual memory and scheduling which applications will run at any given time. User mode is where your actual program runs and is controlled by components of the kernel. For example, the kernel is responsible for allocating the memory that an application uses.
BSD operating systems include FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, DragonFly BSD and more. Their kernel is based on the BSD 4.4 kernel. "NT based" operating systems is a term that is hardly used any more and has lost much of its meaning. Basically, Windows NT, Windows 2000 Professional/Server and to a much lesser extend, newer versions of Windows Server, XP, Vista and 7 are at least somewhat based on NT. NT operating systems were for servers and business purposes, while Windows 95, 98 and ME were for casual home use and gaming.